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Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update
Open accessAbstract
This systematic review is an update examining the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured sedentary behaviour and health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Medline were searched in December 2014, and date limits were imposed (≥February 2010). Included studies were peer-reviewed and met the a priori-determined population (apparently healthy children and youth, mean age: 5–17 years), intervention (durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), comparator (various durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), and outcome (critical: body composition, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, academic achievement; important: fitness, self-esteem) study criteria. Quality of evidence by outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative analysis was conducted. A total of 235 studies (194 unique samples) were included representing 1 657 064 unique participants from 71 different countries. Higher durations/frequencies of screen time and television (TV) viewing were associated with unfavourable body composition. Higher duration/frequency of TV viewing was also associated with higher clustered cardiometabolic risk scores. Higher durations of TV viewing and video game use were associated with unfavourable behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour. Higher durations of reading and doing homework were associated with higher academic achievement. Higher duration of screen time was associated with lower fitness. Higher durations of screen time and computer use were associated with lower self-esteem. Evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” quality. Higher quality studies using reliable and valid sedentary behaviour measures should confirm this largely observational evidence.
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“Associations between physical activity and mental health outcomes, however, are generally weak in terms of effect sizes.”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“There is evidence that physical activity is associated with better mental health whereas sedentary behaviours (such as screen time) are associated with poorer mental health among children and adolescents.56 91–93”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“There is evidence that physical activity is associated with better mental health whereas sedentary behaviours (such as screen time) are associated with poorer mental health among children and adolescents.56 91–93”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“There are also concerns about coexisting sedentary behavior (SB) in children, which is independently associated with poorer health outcomes.5”
From A mixed-studies systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to promote physical activity and/or reduce sedentary time in children (2020) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“higher levels of adolescent screen use are associated with detrimental health outcomes, such as increased adiposity [2,3]”
From Using Wearable Cameras to Categorize the Type and Context of Screen-Based Behaviors Among Adolescents: Observational Study (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Previous studies looking at the 24-h movement guidelines and health indicators have primarily focused on examining the associations between the combinations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration with physical health outcomes [12–14].”
In the citing paper
“Achieving high levels of physical activity, low levels of sedentary behaviour, and getting sufficient sleep have been individually associated with better mental health among children and adolescents [12–14].”
In the citing paper
“The searches looked for journal articles reporting on sleep, sedentary time and physical activity using previously developed and validated searches [12–14, 30].”
In the citing paper
“Isolated adherence to MVPA, screen time and sleep duration recommendations have been associated with lower adiposity indicators in children and adolescents [3, 5–10].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“behaviors most frequently related to negative health outcomes [8, 9].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955 · Cited by 11,657
“For these guidelines on children and adolescents, systematic reviews undertaken by Poitras et al , 8 Carson et al 9 and Okely et al 10 were used and updated.”
MethodSelf-citationSedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN)—Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome
on behalf of SBRN Terminology Consensus Project Participants, Tremblay, M. S., Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Saunders, T. J., Carson, V., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., Chastin, S. F. M., Altenburg, T. M., & Chinapaw, M. J. M. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8 · Cited by 3,793
Self-citationTremblay, M. S., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Connor Gorber, S., Dinh, T., Duggan, M., Faulkner, G., Gray, C. E., Gruber, R., Janson, K., et al. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0151 · Cited by 2,024
“There is growing evidence that while not as efficacious as MVPA, light-intensity physical activity is associated with some health benefits, especially when it replaces sedentary behaviours (Buman et al. 2014; Carson et al. 2013b, 2016b; Poitras et al. 2016; Stone and Faulkner 2014), although this area remains relative…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationStiglic, N., & Viner, R. M. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191 · Cited by 1,259
Chaput, J.-P., Willumsen, J., Bull, F., Chou, R., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Jago, R., Ortega, F. B., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01037-z · Cited by 1,277
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Carson, V., Hunter, S., Kuzik, N., Gray, C. E., Poitras, V. J., Chaput, J.-P., Saunders, T. J., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Okely, A. D., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., Sampson, M., Lee, H., & Tremblay, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CA)
- University of Prince Edward Island (CA)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Office of the Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
- McMaster University (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Canadian Science Publishing
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6 (Suppl. 3)
- Pages
- S240-S265
- ISSN
- 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
- 1715-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2425091006
- Semantic Scholar
- cd07dfe985fca3fb79a3d4d82adce84ef05e96b1
- Cited by
- 1,380
- References
- 514
- Citations by year
- 2026: 93 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 125 · 2023: 155 · 2022: 206 · 2021: 211 · 2020: 183 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 15
- FWCI
- 11.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- IslandScholar (University of Prince Edward Island) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, screen time, television viewing, video game use, children and young people, body composition, cardiometabolic risk, cardiovascular risk factors, prosocial behavior, academic performance, physical fitness, self-esteem, computer use, homework
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Health Status, Humans, Physical Fitness, Risk Factors, Television, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Metabolic Syndrome, Sedentary Behavior, Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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