Effects of processing speed training on cognitive functions and neural systems
Open accessAbstract
Processing speed (PS) is an individual cognitive ability that measures the speed with which individuals execute cognitive tasks, particularly elementary cognitive tasks. PS has been proposed to be a key cognitive component, along with working memory, and is psychologically and clinically important. Various types of speed training affect performance of untrained cognitive measures. In this article, we review studies of PS training or training involving speeded tasks and describe the methodologies along with the psychological and neuroimaging findings related to PS training. There are various types of PS (speed) training tasks. Evidence indicates that PS training can enhance performance on untrained speeded tasks. However, the extent of transfer may vary depending on the methodology. A particular type of speed training seems to affect mental health in older adults. Neuroimaging studies of speed training have shown that the effects of speed training on neural mechanisms may vary depending on the training tasks. Adaptive procedures to modulate the difficulties of training tasks based on a subject's performance by modulating the task speed can be applied to various cognitive tasks, and these procedures can perhaps be used to develop training protocols for enhancing various cognitive functions.
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In the ACTIVE study, as with ours, processing speed training resulted in improved performance on the trained task although enhancements did not transfer to broader measures of processing speed.
“In the ACTIVE study, as with ours, processing speed training resulted in improved performance on the trained task although enhancements did not transfer to broader measures of processing speed [35].”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
A survey of processing speed training studies conducted from 2002-2011 largely indicated that processing speed training transferred to improvements on tasks directly associated with the training task, but did not generally transfer to other tasks.
“a survey of processing speed training studies conducted from 2002–2011 largely indicated that processing speed training transferred to improvements on tasks directly associated with the training task, but did not generally transfer to other tasks [35].”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
Processing speed studies that were not part of the ACTIVE study showed similar results.
“Processing speed studies that were not part of the ACTIVE study showed similar results [35].”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
Based on findings from the ACTIVE study, improved processing speed on the trained task (i.e., practice effects) can be expected after processing speed training.
“However, based on findings from the ACTIVE study [35], improved processing speed on the trained task (i.e., practice effects) can be expected after processing speed training.”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Takeuchi, H., & Kawashima, R.
- Affiliations
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Venue
- Reviews in the Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2012-01-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 289-301
- ISSN
- 0334-1763 (ISSN-L)
- 2191-0200
- OpenAlex
- W2070108675
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Reviews in the Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23700306)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- cognitive training, transfer of training, cognitive aging, older adults, mental health, neural mechanisms, adaptive training, cognitive enhancement, working memory
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Animals, Automobile Driving, Brain, Cognition, Health, Humans, Learning, Mental Health, Neuronal Plasticity, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Transfer, Psychology, Young Adult
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