Cited by 162Muscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in AgingMuscle Physiology and Disorders

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Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise

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Bukhari, Syed S. I., Phillips, Bethan E., Wilkinson, Daniel J., Limb, Marie C., Rankin, Debbie, Mitchell, William K., Kobayashi, Hisamine, Greenhaff, Paul L., Smith, Kenneth, Atherton, Philip J.·2015·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2014

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Abstract

Dysregulated anabolic responses to nutrition/exercise may contribute to sarcopenia; however, these characteristics are poorly defined in female populations. We determined the effects of two feeding regimes in older women (66 ± 2.5 yr; n = 8/group): bolus whey protein (WP-20 g) or novel low-dose leucine-enriched essential amino acids (EAA) [LEAA; 3 g (40% leucine)]. Using [ 13 C 6 ]phenylalanine infusions, we quantified muscle (MPS) and albumin (APS) protein synthesis at baseline and in response to both feeding (FED) and feeding plus exercise (FED-EX; 6 × 8 knee extensions at 75% 1-repetition maximum). We also quantified plasma insulin/AA concentrations, whole leg (LBF)/muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF), and muscle anabolic signaling by phosphoimmunoblotting. Plasma insulinemia and EAA/aemia were markedly greater after WP than LEAA ( P < 0.001). Neither LEAA nor WP modified LBF in response to FED or FED-EX, whereas MBF increased to a similar extent in both groups only after FED-EX ( P < 0.05). In response to FED, both WP and LEAA equally stimulated MPS 0–2 h ( P < 0.05), abating thereafter (0–4 h, P > 0.05). In contrast, after FED-EX, MPS increased at 0–2 h and remained elevated at 0–4 h ( P < 0.05) with both WP and LEAA. No anabolic signals quantifiably increased after FED, but p70 S6K1 Thr 389 increased after FED-EX (2 h, P < 0.05). APS increased similarly after WP and LEAA. Older women remain subtly responsive to nutrition ± exercise. Intriguingly though, bolus WP offers no trophic advantage over LEAA.

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Authors: Bukhari, S. S. I., Phillips, B. E., Wilkinson, D. J., Limb, M. C., Rankin, D., Mitchell, W. K., Kobayashi, H., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., & Atherton, P. J.
Affiliations: University of Nottingham (GB)
Ajinomoto (Japan) (JP)
ORCID: Bukhari, Syed S. I.
Phillips, Bethan E.
Wilkinson, Daniel J.
Rankin, Debbie
Kobayashi, Hisamine
Greenhaff, Paul L.
Smith, Kenneth
Atherton, Philip J.
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2015-06-15
Volume: 308
Issue: 12
Pages: E1056-E1065
ISSN: 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
1522-1555
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2014
OpenAlex: W2141893506
Cited by: 162
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 8.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
nottingham-repository.worktribe.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Medical Research Council (MR/K00414X/1)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords: whey protein, muscle protein synthesis, sarcopenia, older women, physical activity, muscle anabolism, insulin, anabolic signaling, essential amino acids
MeSH terms: Whey Proteins, Aged, Amino Acids, Essential, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Insulin, Leucine, Middle Aged, Milk Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Rest, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements

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Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise

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