Cited by 6,433Adipose Tissue and MetabolismLipid metabolism and biosynthesisAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

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Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance

CANNON, BARBARA, NEDERGAARD, JAN·2004·Physiological Reviews

DOI 10.1152/physrev.00015.2003

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Abstract

Cannon, Barbara, and Jan Nedergaard. Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance. Physiol Rev 84: 277–359, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00015.2003.—The function of brown adipose tissue is to transfer energy from food into heat; physiologically, both the heat produced and the resulting decrease in metabolic efficiency can be of significance. Both the acute activity of the tissue, i.e., the heat production, and the recruitment process in the tissue (that results in a higher thermogenic capacity) are under the control of norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves. In thermoregulatory thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue is essential for classical nonshivering thermogen-esis (this phenomenon does not exist in the absence of functional brown adipose tissue), as well as for the cold acclimation-recruited norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis. Heat production from brown adipose tissue is activated whenever the organism is in need of extra heat, e.g., postnatally, during entry into a febrile state, and during arousal from hibernation, and the rate of thermogenesis is centrally controlled via a pathway initiated in the hypothalamus. Feeding as such also results in activation of brown adipose tissue; a series of diets, apparently all characterized by being low in protein, result in a leptin-dependent recruitment of the tissue; this metaboloregulatory thermogenesis is also under hypothalamic control. When the tissue is active, high amounts of lipids and glucose are combusted in the tissue. The development of brown adipose tissue with its characteristic protein, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), was probably determinative for the evolutionary success of mammals, as its thermogenesis enhances neonatal survival and allows for active life even in cold surroundings.

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Authors: CANNON, B., & NEDERGAARD, J.
Affiliations: Stockholm University (SE)
ORCID: CANNON, BARBARA
NEDERGAARD, JAN
Venue: Physiological Reviews
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2004-01
Volume: 84
Issue: 1
Pages: 277-359
ISSN: 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
1522-1210
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2003
OpenAlex: W2132358997
Cited by: 6,433
References: 924
Citations by year: 2026: 243 · 2025: 301 · 2024: 317 · 2023: 379 · 2022: 371 · 2021: 440 · 2020: 424 · 2019: 413 · 2018: 444 · 2017: 407 · 2016: 400 · 2015: 338 · 2014: 335 · 2013: 318 · 2012: 262
FWCI: 13.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, non-shivering thermogenesis, cold acclimation, norepinephrine, sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic thermoregulation, leptin, UCP1, energy expenditure, neonatal survival, mammalian evolution
MeSH terms: Animals, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Humans, Norepinephrine, Signal Transduction, Thermogenesis

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Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance

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