Neuroinflammation in the Aging Down Syndrome Brain; Lessons from Alzheimer's Disease
Open accessAbstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most genetic cause of mental retardation and is caused by the triplication of chromosome 21. In addition to the disabilities caused early in life, DS is also noted as causing Alzheimer's-disease-like pathological changes in the brain, leading to 50–70% of DS patients showing dementia by 60–70 years of age. Inflammation is a complex process that has a key role to play in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. There is relatively little understood about inflammation in the DS brain and how the genetics of DS may alter this inflammatory response and change the course of disease in the DS brain. The goal of this review is to highlight our current understanding of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease and predict how inflammation may affect the pathology of the DS brain based on this information and the known genetic changes that occur due to triplication of chromosome 21.
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ADAMTS1 is elevated in Down's syndrome with neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease, and it is a potential neuroprotective or neuroinflammatory gene.
“ADAMTS1 is elevated in Down’s syndrome with neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease86, and it is a potential neuroprotective gene87–89 or a neuroinflammatory gene important to microglial response90.”
From Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing (2019) · cites this paper as [90]
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Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), Kunkle, B. W., The European Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative (EADI), Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium (CHARGE), Genetic and Environmental Risk in AD/Defining Genetic, P. A. E. R. F. A. D. C. (., Grenier-Boley, B., Sims, R., Bis, J. C., Damotte, V., Naj, A. C., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2 · Cited by 2,946 · see citing works
Dementia in Down syndrome: unique insights for Alzheimer disease research
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Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: common pathways, common goals
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Aging in Down Syndrome and the Development of Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology
Head, E., T. Lott, I., M. Wilcock, D., & A. Lemere, C. (2015) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205012666151020114607 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
MicroRNA Profiling of CSF Reveals Potential Biomarkers to Detect Alzheimer`s Disease
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Genetics ignite focus on microglial inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
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Cerebrovascular contributions to aging and Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome
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Self-citationRvE1 treatment prevents memory loss and neuroinflammation in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome
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- Authors
- Wilcock, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilcock, Donna M.
- ORCID
- Wilcock, Donna M.
- Venue
- Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 2012
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 1687-7063 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-7071
- PMC
- PMC3290800
- OpenAlex
- W1972160270
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Keywords
- Down syndrome, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, brain aging, Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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