Sustained hippocampal IL-1β overexpression mediates chronic neuroinflammation and ameliorates Alzheimer plaque pathology
Open accessAbstract
Neuroinflammation is a conspicuous feature of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology and is thought to contribute to the ultimate neurodegeneration that ensues. IL-1 beta has emerged as a prime candidate underlying this response. Here we describe a transgenic mouse model of sustained IL-1 beta overexpression that was capable of driving robust neuroinflammation lasting months after transgene activation. This response was characterized by astrocytic and microglial activation in addition to induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, when triggered in the hippocampus of the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of AD, 4 weeks of IL-1 beta overexpression led to a reduction in amyloid pathology. Congophilic plaque area fraction and frequency as well as insoluble amyloid beta 40 (A beta 40) and A beta 42 decreased significantly. These results demonstrate a possible adaptive role for IL-1 beta-driven neuroinflammation in AD and may help explain recent failures of antiinflammatory therapeutics for this disease.
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IL1β overexpression enhances Aβ clearance.
“previous studies demonstrated that IL1 overexpression enhances A clearance.9,53”
From CX3CR1 Deficiency Alters Microglial Activation and Reduces Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Two Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models (2010) · cites this paper as [9]
The section “IL-1β overexpression reduces amyloid pathology” (page unavailable) reports reduced plaques and insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 in APP/PS1 mice after IL-1β overexpression. The Discussion describes plaque clearance and degradation as proposed explanations, but does not demonstrate increased Aβ clearance directly; “demonstrated” overstates that mechanistic finding. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIL-1β does not influence Aβ production.
“This is consistent with our previously published data showing that IL-1β does not influence Aβ production [4, 6, 7, 28].”
From IL-1β-driven amyloid plaque clearance is associated with an expansion of transcriptionally reprogrammed microglia (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
In “IL-1β overexpression reduces amyloid pathology” (page not supplied), the paper reports no evidence that IL-1β altered APP or BACE-1 expression or activity, and concludes that reduced plaques in its mouse model were likely not due to changes in Aβ synthesis. That supports the claim for this model, but not the unqualified assertion that IL-1β does not influence Aβ production generally. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredActivated micro/astroglia enhances Aβ phagocytosis.
“For amyloid pathology, there is data that activated micro/astroglia enhances Aβ phagocytosis [60, 62, 71]”
From Deletion of Abi3/Gngt2 influences age-progressive amyloid β and tau pathologies in distinctive ways (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
The Discussion says activated microglia overlapped more with plaques and that this could potentially increase plaque phagocytosis; it does not demonstrate increased phagocytosis. The neuroinflammatory-phenotype section reports astrocyte activation but does not link astrocytes to Aβ phagocytosis. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOverexpression of IL1β, an inflammatory cytokine, leads to reduced Aβ pathology in mouse models of AD.
“Recent studies demonstrated that overexpression of IL1, an inflammatory cytokine leads to reduced A pathology in mouse models of AD. 9,53”
From CX3CR1 Deficiency Alters Microglial Activation and Reduces Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Two Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models (2010) · cites this paper as [9]
Various genetically modified mouse models have demonstrated a role for other chemokines/cytokine pathways, including CCR2 and IL1β, in altering the accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes and Aβ pathology.
“Various genetically modified mouse models have convincingly demonstrated the role for other chemokines/cytokine pathways in altering the accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes, macrophages, and microglia) and A pathology, including CCR2 59 and IL1.9”
From CX3CR1 Deficiency Alters Microglial Activation and Reduces Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Two Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models (2010) · cites this paper as [9]
Altering the proliferation, signaling, and migration of microglia directly impacts development of Aβ pathology.
“numerous other studies have suggested that altering the proliferation, 58 signaling, 8,9,11 and migration 7,59 of microglia directly impact development of A pathology.”
From CX3CR1 Deficiency Alters Microglial Activation and Reduces Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Two Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models (2010) · cites this paper as [9]
Sustained hippocampal IL-1β expression decreases amyloid plaque accumulation in APP/PS1 mice.
“As previously described [28], APP/PS1 mice transduced with rAAV2-IL-1β showed significant reductions in hippocampal amyloid plaques compared to mice treated with rAAV2-Phe, as determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using both 6E10 staining and MX04 (Fig. 1b)”
From IL-1β-driven amyloid plaque clearance is associated with an expansion of transcriptionally reprogrammed microglia (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Hippocampal IL-1β expression reduces plaques in APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD models but worsens tauopathy in 3xTg-AD.
“Hippocampal expression of IL-1β was shown to robustly reduce plaques in the APP/PS1 model and 3xTg-AD model but worsened tauopathy in the 3xTg-AD model [62, 63].”
From Deletion of Abi3/Gngt2 influences age-progressive amyloid β and tau pathologies in distinctive ways (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
Increased cytokines, such as interleukin-1, can influence Aβ uptake.
“In turn, increased cytokines, such as interleukin-1, can influence Aβ uptake (Mrak and Griffin, 2000; Shaftel et al., 2007).”
From LC3-Associated Endocytosis Facilitates β-Amyloid Clearance and Mitigates Neurodegeneration in Murine Alzheimer’s Disease (2019) · cites this paper as Shaftel et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Shaftel, S. S., Kyrkanides, S., Olschowka, J. A., Miller, J.-N. H., Johnson, R. E., & O’Banion, M. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- O’Banion, M. Kerry
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2007-06-01
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1595-1604
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1878531
- OpenAlex
- W2105385589
- Cited by
- 433
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 12.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Rochester
- National Institutes of Health (14642)
- Medical Center, University of Rochester
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 07356, T32GM007356)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS048522, R29NS033553, NS 33553, R21NS048522, R01NS033553)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- IL-1β, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques, hippocampus, astrocyte activation, microglial activation, inflammatory cytokines, APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice, amyloid-beta
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Base Sequence, Disease Models, Animal, Hippocampus, Humans, Inflammation, Mice, Transgenic, Nerve Degeneration, Recombinant Proteins, Gene Expression, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, DNA Primers, Mice, Interleukin-1beta, Presenilin-1, Plaque, Amyloid
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