Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome: Is This the Future of Nutrition Screening and Assessment for Older Adults?
Open accessAbstract
Malnutrition is common across varying patient populations, particularly older adults, and sarcopenia prevalence increases with advancing age. Both malnutrition and sarcopenia are associated with substantial adverse outcomes affecting both the patient and the healthcare system, including increased morbidity, mortality, rehospitalization rates, and healthcare costs. Healthcare practitioners may assess patients for either malnutrition or sarcopenia; however, many patients clinically present with both conditions, resulting in the syndrome, Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome, which is the clinical presentation of both malnutrition and accelerated age-associated loss of lean body mass, strength, and/or functionality. Clinicians are urged to screen, assess, and treat these conditions currently so as to adequately address the full spectrum of patients’ nutritional issues. By examining aspects of both conditions, clinicians can more fully assess their patients’ clinical and nutritional status and can tailor targeted therapies to meet their needs and improve outcomes. This proposed syndrome embodies the inherent association of malnutrition and sarcopenia, highlighting their combined impact on clinical outcomes. The objective of this review paper is to characterize Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome to advance clinical practice, by providing clinicians with the necessary background information to integrate nutritional assessment along with loss of muscle mass and functionality in their everyday clinical practice.
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The MSS framework proposes the use of a validated nutrition screening tool, such as MUST, MNA, or NRS-2002, together with the sarcopenia screening tool developed by the European Geriatric Medical Society (EUGMS) Consensus Committee, which employs both gait speed and handgrip strength measurements.
“The MSS framework proposes the use of a validated nutrition screening tool, such as MUST, MNA, or NRS-2002 together with the sarcopenia screening tool developed by the European Geriatric Medical Society (EUGMS) Consensus Committee on defining sarcopenia, which employs both gait speed and handgrip strength measurements, although other validated methods of assessing sarcopenic status can be used (51”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [51]
In 2012, the authors coined the concept of Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome (MSS) to highlight the clinical presentation of malnutrition and sarcopenia together in older adults and advocate for the screening, assessment, and treatment of the two conditions concurrently.
“In 2012 (Figure 1), we coined the concept of Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome (MSS) to highlight the clinical presentation of malnutrition and sarcopenia together in older adults and advocate for the screening, assessment, and treatment of the two conditions concurrently (51).”
From Evolution of the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults: a primer for clinicians (2024) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Vandewoude, M. F. J., Alish, C. J., Sauer, A. C., & Hegazi, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Abbott Nutrition (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Vandewoude, Maurits F. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Aging Research
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 2012
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 2090-2204 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-2212
- PMC
- PMC3449123
- OpenAlex
- W1975527464
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Aging Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Abbott Laboratories
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- malnutrition, sarcopenia, older adults, nutritional screening, nutritional assessment, lean mass loss, muscle strength, functional decline, adverse clinical outcomes, hospital readmission, health care costs
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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