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Cited by 102Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchVisual perception and processing mechanisms

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Otx2-PNN Interaction to Regulate Cortical Plasticity

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Bernard, Clémence, Prochiantz, Alain·2016·Neural Plasticity
DOI 10.1155/2016/7931693PMC PMC4736602
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Abstract

The ability of the environment to shape cortical function is at its highest during critical periods of postnatal development. In the visual cortex, critical period onset is triggered by the maturation of parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons, which gradually become surrounded by a specialized glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix: the perineuronal nets. Among the identified factors regulating cortical plasticity in the visual cortex, extracortical homeoprotein Otx2 is transferred specifically into parvalbumin interneurons and this transfer regulates both the onset and the closure of the critical period of plasticity for binocular vision. Here, we review the interaction between the complex sugars of the perineuronal nets and homeoprotein Otx2 and how this interaction regulates cortical plasticity during critical period and in adulthood.

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Figure 1 Otx2-PNN feedback loop for critical period plasticity. At critical period (CP) onset, sensory activity induces initial formation of the perineuronal nets (PNNs), allowing the internalization of extracortical Otx2 by PV-cells. During CP, the increasing PV-cell Otx2 content enhances PNN assembly. In turn, PNNs ensure the specific accumulation of Otx2 in the PV-cells. In the adult, the constant transfer of Otx2 into the PV-cells, due to the positive feedback loop between the homeoprotein and the PNNs, maintains a mature, consolidated, nonplastic state. Indeed, interfering with Otx2-PNN interaction in the adult (by injecting ChABC to remove PNNs or by infusing the GAG-binding domain of Otx2 (RK-peptide) or a CS-E analogue to block Otx2) reopens a window of plasticity in the visual cortex.
Figure 1 Otx2-PNN feedback loop for critical period plasticity. At critical period (CP) onset, sensory activity induces initial formation of the perineuronal nets (PNNs), allowing the internalization of extracortical Otx2 by PV-cells. During CP, the increasing PV-cell Otx2 content enhances PNN assembly. In turn, PNNs ensure the specific accumulation of Otx2 in the PV-cells. In the adult, the constant transfer of Otx2 into the PV-cells, due to the positive feedback loop between the homeoprotein and the PNNs, maintains a mature, consolidated, nonplastic state. Indeed, interfering with Otx2-PNN interaction in the adult (by injecting ChABC to remove PNNs or by infusing the GAG-binding domain of Otx2 (RK-peptide) or a CS-E analogue to block Otx2) reopens a window of plasticity in the visual cortex.CC BY · PubMed Central

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  1. 1999, The Journal of Neuroscience, 19
  2. 2012, Cerebrum, 2012, article 11

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Metadata

Authors
Bernard, C., & Prochiantz, A.
Affiliations
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Prochiantz, Alain
ORCID
Venue
Neural Plasticity
Publisher
Hindawi Limited
Published
2016
Volume
2016
Pages
1-7
ISSN
  • 1687-5443 (ISSN-L)
  • 2090-5904
DOI
10.1155/2016/7931693
PMC
PMC4736602
OpenAlex
W1562783671
Cited by
102
References
80
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 1
FWCI
1.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Neural Plasticity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-10-BLAN-141-01, 339379)
  • ERC Advanced Grant HOMEOSIGN (ANR-10-BLAN-141-01, 339379)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords
Otx2, perineuronal nets, cortical plasticity, critical period, visual cortex, parvalbumin interneurons, extracellular matrix, glycosaminoglycans, homeoproteins, binocular vision, postnatal development, interneuron maturation
MeSH terms
Animals, Critical Period, Psychological, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Interneurons, Neuronal Plasticity, Parvalbumins, Visual Cortex, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Otx Transcription Factors

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