Enhanced cognitive flexibility in reversal learning induced by removal of the extracellular matrix in auditory cortex
Open accessAbstract
Significance: The brain’s extracellular matrix (ECM) mediates structural stability by enwrapping synaptic contacts fundamental for long-term memory storage. Whether the ECM in the adult brain might thereby govern learning-related plasticity, lifelong memory reformation, and higher cognitive functions is largely unknown. Here, we enzymatically degraded the ECM in the auditory cortex of adult Mongolian gerbils during a reversal learning task. Such local weakening of the structurally rigid ECM specifically accelerated strategy changes required for reversal learning. It neither affected general sensory learning nor erased already established, learned memory traces. Thus, ECM modulation might promote the cognitive flexibility that can build on learned behaviors, and has further implications to develop new tools for guided neuroplasticity with therapeutic potential.
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In adult mammals, auditory learning is limited, but ECM digestion allows cortex-dependent auditory relearning to regain juvenile agility.
“In adult mammalian life, auditory learning is limited, but cortex-dependent auditory relearning regains the agility of the juvenile state after ECM digestion [140] (Fig. 2F).”
From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [140]
The Results and Discussion report that ECM digestion in the auditory cortex of adult Mongolian gerbils accelerated cortex-dependent auditory reversal learning. The paper does not compare their relearning with juvenile animals or establish that adult auditory learning is generally limited; it reports that ECM removal did not improve initial discrimination learning. Page numbers are not supplied in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChABC treatment promotes neuronal plasticity in different neocortical regions, such as the visual and auditory cortices.
“This treatment promotes neuronal plasticity in different neocortical regions, such as the visual (Pizzorusso et al., 2002) and auditory cortices (Happel et al., 2014).”
From Perineuronal Nets Regulate the Inhibitory Perisomatic Input onto Parvalbumin Interneurons and γ Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex (2020) · cites this paper as Happel et al., 2014
The paper supports enhanced plasticity following extracellular-matrix removal in the auditory cortex, but its auditory-cortex experiments used hyaluronidase (HYase), not ChABC (Enhanced Reversal Learning of FM Discrimination After ECM Removal; Local Removal of the ECM in Adult ACx and Its Temporal Reappearance). The visual-cortex portion of the citing sentence is attributed to a different citation and is not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Happel, M. F. K., Niekisch, H., Castiblanco Rivera, L. L., Ohl, F. W., Deliano, M., & Frischknecht, R.
- Affiliations
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (DE)
- Department of Systems Physiology of Learning and
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (DE)
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (DE)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2014-02-03
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2800-2805
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3932855
- OpenAlex
- W2074133215
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 9.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- extracellular matrix, auditory cortex, cognitive flexibility, reversal learning, synaptic plasticity, neuroplasticity, Mongolian gerbil
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Auditory Cortex, Cognition, Discrimination Learning, Extracellular Matrix, Fluorescence, Gerbillinae, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Reversal Learning, Memory, Long-Term
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