Cited by 593Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans researchNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

The roles of perineuronal nets and the perinodal extracellular matrix in neuronal function

Fawcett, James W., Oohashi, Toshitaka, Pizzorusso, Tommaso·2019·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Abstract

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)-containing structures that surround the soma and dendrites of various mammalian neuronal cell types. PNNs appear during development around the time that the critical periods for developmental plasticity end and are important for both their onset and closure. A similar structure - the perinodal ECM - surrounds the axonal nodes of Ranvier and appears as myelination is completed, acting as an ion-diffusion barrier that affects axonal conduction speed. Recent work has revealed the importance of PNNs in controlling plasticity in the CNS. Digestion, blocking or removal of PNNs influences functional recovery after a variety of CNS lesions. PNNs have further been shown to be involved in the regulation of memory and have been implicated in a number of psychiatric disorders.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41583-019-0196-3

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228 of 228 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • PNNs are reticular CSPG-containing ECM structures surrounding the soma and proximal dendrites of a subpopulation of CNS neurons and are important for controlling neuroplasticity.

    “PNNs are reticular CSPG-containing ECM structures surrounding the soma and proximal dendrites of a subpopulation of CNS neurons and important for controlling neuroplasticity [1, 13].”

    From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [1]

  • The lectican family of CSPGs (aggrecan, brevican, neurocan, and versican) are found within PNNs.

    “The lectican family of CSPGs (also called aggrecan-family CSPGs) are found within PNNs, including aggrecan, brevican, neurocan, and versican [1].”

    From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [1]

  • PNNs are now being considered as a target for the treatment of impaired memory.

    “PNNs are now being considered as a target for the treatment of impaired memory.”

    From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [1]

  • PNNs exclusively enwrap the soma and most proximal segments of dendrites.

    “It has to be taken also into account that PNNs exclusively enwrap the soma and most proximal segments of dendrites (Celio et al., 1998;Fawcett et al., 2019)”
  • Perineuronal nets form preferentially around fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons throughout the brain during closure of the critical period of plasticity, locking proximal synapses in place and providing synaptic stability.

    “PNNs form preferentially around fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV)+ GABAergic interneurons throughout the brain during the closure of the critical period of plasticity, effectively “locking” proximal synapses in place and providing synaptic stability [21] soon after synaptic pruning is completed by developmental microglia [22].”

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Authors
Fawcett, J. W., Oohashi, T., & Pizzorusso, T.
Affiliations
  • Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
  • Okayama University (JP)
  • Neuroscience Institute (IT)
Corresponding author
Fawcett, James W.
Venue
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Published
2019-07-01
Volume
20
Issue
8
Pages
451-465
ISSN
  • 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0048
OpenAlex
W2955918581
Cited by
589
References
228
Citations by year
2026: 85 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 1
FWCI
6.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
  • Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (submittedVersion)
Funders
Medical Research Council (MR/R004463/1, MR/R004544/1)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
perineuronal nets, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, extracellular matrix, critical period, developmental plasticity, CNS plasticity, memory regulation, mental illness, nodes of Ranvier, myelination
MeSH terms
Animals, Mental Disorders, Central Nervous System Diseases, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Memory, Models, Neurological, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons

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