Depletion of Perineuronal Nets in the Amygdala to Enhance the Erasure of Drug Memories
Open accessAbstract
Extinction therapy has been suggested to suppress the conditioned motivational effect of drug cues to prevent relapse. However, extinction forms a new inhibiting memory rather than erasing the original memory trace and drug memories invariably return. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix around interneurons in the brain that have been suggested to be a permissive factor that allows synaptic plasticity in the adolescent brain. The degradation of PNNs caused by chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) may generate induced juvenile-like plasticity (iPlasticity) and promote experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of removing PNNs in the amygdala of rat on the extinction of drug memories. We found that extinction combined with intra-amygdala injections of ChABC (0.01 U/side) prevented the subsequent priming-induced reinstatement of morphine-induced and cocaine-induced, but not food -induced, conditioned place preference (CPP). Intra-amygdala injections of ChABC alone had no effect on the retention, retrieval, or relearning of morphine-induced CPP and storage of acquired food-induced CPP. Moreover, we found that the procedure facilitated the extinction of heroin- and cocaine-seeking behavior and prevented the spontaneous recovery and drug-induced reinstatement of heroin- and cocaine-seeking behavior. We also found that the effect of PNNs degradation combined with extinction may be mediated by the potentiation of several plasticity-related proteins in the amygdala. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that a combination of extinction training with PNNs degradation in the amygdala erases drug memories and suggest that ChABC may be an attractive candidate for the prevention of relapse.
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Removal of PNNs with ChABC alters behavioural responses to drugs.
“Several studies have demonstrated that removal of PNNs with ChABC alters behavioural responses to drugs.”
From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [167]
Removal of PNNs in the amygdala after training for morphine, cocaine CPP or heroin self-administration but before extinction reduces drug-primed reinstatement, but has no impact on reconsolidation, retrieval, or long-term morphine CPP memory.
“Removal of PNNs in the amygdala after training for morphine, cocaine CPP or heroin self-administration but before extinction reduces drug-primed reinstatement, but has no impact on reconsolidation, retrieval, or long-term morphine CPP memory [167].”
From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [167]
In the amygdala, PNN degradation by Ch-ABC following drug exposure (morphine, cocaine, and heroin) but before extinction training can augment extinction and inhibit subsequent reinstatement (relapse) of drug-seeking behavior.
“In the amygdala, PNN degradation by Ch--ABC following drug exposure (morphine, cocaine, and heroin) but before extinction training can augment extinction and inhibit subsequent reinstatement (relapse) of drug--seeking behavior (Xue et al., 2014).”
From Casting a Wide Net: Role of Perineuronal Nets in Neural Plasticity (2016) · cites this paper as Xue et al., 2014
PNN maturation in the amygdala determines the transition from juvenile to adult forms of emotion-related plasticity.
“Similarly, and particularly relevant to findings in SZ, PNN maturation in the amygdala determines the transition from juvenile to adult forms of emotion-related plasticity (Gogolla et al., 2009; Xue et al., 2014).”
From Losing the sugar coating: Potential impact of perineuronal net abnormalities on interneurons in schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as Xue et al., 2014
CSPG/PNN degradation in the amygdala in combination with extinction training resulted in erasure of drug-related memories, facilitated extinction of drug-seeking behavior, and prevented spontaneous recovery and drug-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior.
“In their experiments, CSPG/PNN degradation in the amygdala in combination with extinction training resulted in erasure of drug (cocaine, morphine)-related memories, facilitated the extinction of drug-seeking behavior and prevented the spontaneous recovery and drug-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior (Xue et al., 2014).”
From Losing the sugar coating: Potential impact of perineuronal net abnormalities on interneurons in schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as Xue et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Xue, Y.-X., Xue, L.-F., Liu, J.-F., He, J., Deng, J.-H., Sun, S.-C., Han, H.-B., Luo, Y.-X., Xu, L.-Z., Wu, P., & Lu, L.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2014-05-07
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 6647-6658
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6608143
- OpenAlex
- W2095086005
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 8.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81271489, 31230033)
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- perineuronal nets, chondroitinase ABC, amygdala, conditioned place preference, morphine, cocaine, heroin, relapse prevention, reinstatement, spontaneous recovery, synaptic plasticity, extracellular matrix degradation, drug-seeking behavior
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Conditioning, Operant, Extinction, Psychological, Food, Heroin Dependence, Male, Memory, Microinjections, Morphine Dependence, Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Reinforcement, Psychology, Blotting, Western, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Chondroitin ABC Lyase, Substance-Related Disorders, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Rats, Secondary Prevention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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