Cited by 398Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchVisual perception and processing mechanisms

Otx2 Binding to Perineuronal Nets Persistently Regulates Plasticity in the Mature Visual Cortex

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Beurdeley, M., Spatazza, J., Lee, H. H. C., Sugiyama, S., Bernard, C., Di Nardo, A. A., Hensch, T. K., Prochiantz, A.·2012·Journal of Neuroscience

Abstract

Specific transfer of (orthodenticle homeobox 2) Otx2 homeoprotein into GABAergic interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) is necessary and sufficient to open, then close, a critical period (CP) of plasticity in the developing mouse visual cortex. The accumulation of endogenous Otx2 in PV cells suggests the presence of specific Otx2 binding sites. Here, we find that perineuronal nets (PNNs) on the surfaces of PV cells permit the specific, constitutive capture of Otx2. We identify a 15 aa domain containing an arginine-lysine doublet (RK peptide) within Otx2, bearing prototypic traits of a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding sequence that mediates Otx2 binding to PNNs, and specifically to chondroitin sulfate D and E, with high affinity. Accordingly, PNN hydrolysis by chondroitinase ABC reduces the amount of endogenous Otx2 in PV cells. Direct infusion of RK peptide similarly disrupts endogenous Otx2 localization to PV cells, reduces PV and PNN expression, and reopens plasticity in adult mice. The closure of one eye during this transient window reduces cortical acuity and is specific to the RK motif, as an Alanine-Alanine variant or a scrambled peptide fails to reactivate plasticity. Conversely, this transient reopening of plasticity in the adult restores binocular vision in amblyopic mice. Thus, one function of PNNs is to facilitate the persistent internalization of Otx2 by PV cells to maintain CP closure. The pharmacological use of the Otx2 GAG binding domain offers a novel, potent therapeutic tool with which to restore cortical plasticity in the mature brain.

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Crossref · 10.1523/jneurosci.0394-12.2012

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  • Across multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, the developmental gene expression program in PV cells is immature.

    “Across multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, the developmental gene expression program in PV cells is instead immature (54).”

    From Perineuronal nets protect fast-spiking interneurons against oxidative stress (2013) · cites this paper as [54]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) proposes that therapies targeting Otx2 transfer into PV circuits might apply to autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, which it describes as having a similar cellular etiology. It does not report an immature developmental gene-expression program in PV cells in those disorders, and it does not mention bipolar disorder in this context. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • OTX2 and Sema3A bind to 4,6 disulphated GAGs in PNNs, while Nptx2 binds to both 4,6 sulphated GAGs and HA.

    “While OTX2 and Sema3A bind to 4,6 disulphated GAGs in the PNNs [23, 28], Nptx2 binds to both 4,6 sulphated GAGs and HA [29].”

    From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [23]

  • Soluble transcription factor OTX2 binds to PNNs and is internalised, leading to maturation of PV neurons and maintenance of PNNs in adulthood.

    “The soluble transcription factor OTX2 binds to PNNs and is internalised, leading to maturation of PV neurons and maintenance of PNNs in adulthood [23, 26].”

    From The extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory (2022) · cites this paper as [23]

  • Otx-2 maintains PNNs.

    “Otx--2, which maintains PNNs (Beurdeley et al., 2012;Bernard and Prochiantz, 2016)”

    From Casting a Wide Net: Role of Perineuronal Nets in Neural Plasticity (2016) · cites this paper as Beurdeley et al., 2012

  • Compromised PNNs prevent persistent uptake of Otx2 homeoprotein into enwrapped PV cells needed for their maturation, including PNN maintenance.

    “Compromised PNNs prevent the persistent uptake of Otx2 homeoprotein into the enwrapped PV-cells needed for their maturation (including PNN maintenance itself) (27, 40, 41).”

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Authors
Beurdeley, M., Spatazza, J., Lee, H. H. C., Sugiyama, S., Bernard, C., Di Nardo, A. A., Hensch, T. K., & Prochiantz, A.
Affiliations
  • Collège de France (FR)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Venue
Journal of Neuroscience
Published
2012-07-04
Volume
32
Issue
27
Pages
9429-9437
ISSN
  • 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2401
OpenAlex
W2040502575
Cited by
398
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 3
FWCI
9.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche
  • Croucher Foundation
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
  • National Institutes of Health (DP1OD003699)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords
Otx2, perineuronal nets, critical period, visual cortex plasticity, parvalbumin interneurons, glycosaminoglycan binding, chondroitin sulfate, chondroitinase ABC, amblyopia, binocular vision, homeodomain transcription factor
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Animals, Extracellular Matrix, Interneurons, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neuronal Plasticity, Protein Binding, Visual Cortex, Mice, Otx Transcription Factors, GABAergic Neurons

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