Cited by 133Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsTryptophan and brain disorders

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The Role of Immunosenescence in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Costantini, Erica, D’Angelo, Chiara, Reale, Marcella·2018·Mediators of Inflammation

DOI 10.1155/2018/6039171PMC PMC5863336

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Abstract

Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of physiological function and tissue homeostasis leading to increased vulnerability, degeneration, and death. Aging-related changes of the innate and adaptive immune system include decline in the preservation and enhancement of many immune functions, such as changes in the number of circulating monocytic and dendritic cells, thymic involution, T cell polyfunctionality, or production of proinflammatory cytokines, and are defined as immunosenescence. Inflammatory functions are increased with age, causing the chronic low-grade inflammation, referred to as inflamm-aging, that contribute, together with immunosenescence, to neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the link between the immune and nervous systems and how the immunosenescence and inflamm-aging can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.

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Figure 1 Schematic representation of immune cell age-related changes, leading to inflamm-aging, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Immune activation in neurodegenerative diseases and healthy brain. The neurodegeneration is accompanied by immunosenescence and inflamm-aging. During aging, neuronal cells modify their morphology, and their overactivation leads to IL-6 and TNF-α abnormal production. The immune cells penetrate the damaged BBB and causes a further increase in proinflammatory cytokines, modulating, in turn, neuronal dysfunction.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 Advantages and disadvantages of an inflammatory response. Phagocytosis eliminates the debris of dead or dying cells, thereby reducing the likelihood of further cell loss through the release of toxic agents. Cytokines and growth factors may help damaged neurons to survive and promote repair. Chronic inflammation can lead to the injury or death of neurons.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Costantini, E., D’Angelo, C., & Reale, M.
Affiliations: University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
Corresponding author: Reale, Marcella
ORCID: Costantini, Erica
D’Angelo, Chiara
Reale, Marcella
Venue: Mediators of Inflammation
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018
Volume: 2018
Pages: 1-12
ISSN: 0962-9351 (ISSN-L)
1466-1861
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6039171
PMC: PMC5863336
OpenAlex: W2792949361
Cited by: 133
References: 126
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 1.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Mediators of Inflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords: immunosenescence, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammaging, aging, low-grade inflammation, innate immune system, adaptive immunity, thymic involution, T cell polyfunctionality, inflammatory cytokines, dendritic cells, monocytic cells, neuroinflammation
MeSH terms: Immunosenescence, Animals, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Neurodegenerative Diseases

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The Role of Immunosenescence in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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