Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background—: Early trials evaluating the effect of omega 3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) reported benefits for mortality and cardiovascular events but recent larger studies trials have variable findings. We assessed the effects of ω-3 FA on cardiovascular and other important clinical outcomes. Methods and Results—: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for all randomized studies using dietary supplements, dietary interventions, or both. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular events (mostly myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death). Secondary outcomes were arrhythmia, cerebrovascular events, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, coronary revascularization, heart failure, total mortality, nonvascular mortality, and end-stage kidney disease. Twenty studies including 63030 participants were included. There was no overall effect of ω-3 FA on composite cardiovascular events (relative risk [RR]=0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–1.03; P =0.24) or on total mortality (RR=0.95; 95% CI, 0.86–1.04; P =0.28). ω-3 FA did protect against vascular death (RR=0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.99; P =0.03) but not coronary events (RR=0.86; 95% CI, 0.67–1.11; P =0.24). There was no effect on arrhythmia (RR=0.99; 95% CI, 0.85–1.16; P =0.92) or cerebrovascular events (RR=1.03; 95% CI, 0.92–1.16; P =0.59). Adverse events were more common in the treatment group than the placebo group (RR=1.18, 95% CI, 1.02–1.37; P =0.03), predominantly because of an excess of gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusions—: ω-3 FA may protect against vascular disease, but the evidence is not clear-cut, and any benefits are almost certainly not as great as previously believed.
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A meta-analysis of 63,030 subjects from 20 trials found no overall effect of omega-3 fatty acids on composite CV events (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90-1.02, P=0.24) or total mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.86-1.04, P=0.28).
“One meta-analysis included 63 030 subjects from 20 trials and reported no overall effect of omega-3 fatty acids on composite CV events { relative risk [RR] 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90, 1.02]; P ¼ 0.24 } or total mortality [RR 0.95 (95% Cl 0.86, 1.04); P ¼ 0.28].”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [285]
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- Authors
- Kotwal, S., Jun, M., Sullivan, D., Perkovic, V., & Neal, B.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 808-818
- ISSN
- 1941-7705 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-7713
- OpenAlex
- W2038708549
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 22.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- omega-3 fatty acids, cardiovascular outcomes, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular death, cardiac arrhythmias, cerebrovascular events, coronary revascularization, heart failure, end-stage renal disease, gastrointestinal adverse effects, dietary supplements, omega-3 supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cardiovascular Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Odds Ratio, Treatment Outcome, Evidence-Based Medicine, Dietary Supplements
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