Cited by 344Reading and Literacy DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismMemory Processes and Influences

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Neural Correlates of Lexical Access during Visual Word Recognition

Binder, J. R., McKiernan, K. A., Parsons, M. E., Westbury, C. F., Possing, E. T., Kaufman, J. N., Buchanan, L.·2003·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

DOI 10.1162/089892903321593108

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Abstract

People can discriminate real words from nonwords even when the latter are orthographically and phonologically word-like, presumably because words activate specific lexical and/or semantic information. We investigated the neural correlates of this identification process using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants performed a visual lexical decision task under conditions that encouraged specific word identification: Nonwords were matched to words on orthographic and phonologic characteristics, and accuracy was emphasized over speed. To identify neural responses associated with activation of nonsemantic lexical information, processing of words and nonwords with many lexical neighbors was contrasted with processing of items with no neighbors. The fMRI data showed robust differences in activation by words and word-like nonwords, with stronger word activation occurring in a distributed, left hemisphere network previously associated with semantic processing, and stronger nonword activation occurring in a posterior inferior frontal area previously associated with grapheme-to-phoneme mapping. Contrary to lexicon-based models of word recognition, there were no brain areas in which activation increased with neighborhood size. For words, activation in the left prefrontal, angular gyrus, and ventrolateral temporal areas was stronger for items without neighbors, probably because accurate responses to these items were more dependent on activation of semantic information. The results show neural correlates of access to specific word information. The absence of facilitatory lexical neighborhood effects on activation in these brain regions argues for an interpretation in terms of semantic access. Because subjects performed the same task throughout, the results are unlikely to be due to task-specific attentional, strategic, or expectancy effects.

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Authors: Binder, J. R., McKiernan, K. A., Parsons, M. E., Westbury, C. F., Possing, E. T., Kaufman, J. N., & Buchanan, L.
Affiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
West Virginia University (US)
University of Alberta (CA)
University of Windsor (CA)
ORCID: Binder, J. R.
Westbury, C. F.
Kaufman, J. N.
Buchanan, L.
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Publisher: MIT Press - Journals
Published: 2003-04-01
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 372-393
ISSN: 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
1530-8898
DOI: 10.1162/089892903321593108
OpenAlex: W2123480151
Semantic Scholar: 4f572f75520060f3553b1c574c4811ad4f11d735
Cited by: 344
References: 101
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 30.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (P01MH51358, P01MH051358)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS033576, R01 NS33576)
National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR00058, M01RR000058)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: lexical access, visual word recognition, semantic access, inferior frontal cortex, left prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus, orthographic similarity, phonological similarity
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Reading, Semantics, Visual Perception, Vocabulary

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Neural Correlates of Lexical Access during Visual Word Recognition

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