Demonstrating the implicit processing of visually presented words and pseudowords
Abstract
This study demonstrates that even when subjects are instructed to perform a nonlinguistic visual feature detection task, the mere presence of words or pseudowords in the visual field activates a widespread neuronal network that is congruent with classical language areas. The implication of this result is that subjects will process words beyond the functional demands of the task. Therefore, contrasting brain activity in a word task that explicitly requires a cognitive function with a word task in which the function is activated implicitly will not necessarily isolate the brain area of interest. Furthermore, in most brain regions, we found that pseudowords, which have unfamiliar phonological associations and no associated semantic association, produce greater activation than words. Greater brain activity associated with pseudowords illustrates that unfamiliar stimuli that are unable to access word associations may activate the neuronal network more strongly than familiar words for which access occurs with ease.
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The VWFA demonstrates a form of tuning to learned letter stimuli, which produce greater activity than well-controlled pseudoletters.
“The response properties of the VWFA demonstrate a form of tuning to learned letter stimuli, which produce greater activity than well-controlled pseudoletters, that can be measured by blocks of PET data [19], as well by the first 200 ms of activity in MEG and intracranial electrical recordings [16].”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [19]
The VWFA is tuned to the shape of letters, relative to visually equivalent pseudo-letters.
“First, there are indications that the VWFA is tuned to the shape of letters, relative to visually equivalent pseudo-letters.”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Price et al. (1996)
Price et al. (1996) observed stronger activation in the left fusiform gyrus to strings of consonants than to strings of false-font characters.
“Following up on the initial insight of Petersen et al. (1990), Price et al. (1996) observed stronger activation in the left fusiform gyrus to strings of consonants than to strings of false-font characters.”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Price et al. (1996)
Price et al. (1996) obtained stronger activations to strings of consonants than to strings of pseudo-letters at coordinates close to the VWFA.
“For instance, Price et al. (1996) have obtained stronger activations to strings of consonants than to strings of pseudo-letters at coordinates close to the VWFA.”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Price et al. (1996)
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- Authors
- Price, C. J., Wise, R. J. S., & Frackowiak, R. S. J.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996-01-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-70
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2121629550
- Cited by
- 544
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 14.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- pseudowords, visual word recognition, language areas, semantic processing, phonological processing, brain activation
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Humans, Photic Stimulation, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Visual Pathways
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