Cited by 345Lipid metabolism and disordersLipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Abnormal in vivo metabolism of apolipoprotein E4 in humans.

Open access

Gregg, R E, Zech, L A, Schaefer, E J, Stark, D, Wilson, D, Brewer, H B·1986·Journal of Clinical Investigation

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is important in modulating the catabolism of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles. It is a polymorphic protein with the three common alleles coding for apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4. ApoE3 is considered the normal isoform, while apoE4 is associated both with hypercholesterolemia and type V hyperlipoproteinemia. We quantitated the kinetics of metabolism of apoE4 in 19 normolipidemic apoE3 homozygotes and 1 normolipidemic apoE4 homozygote, and compared this with the metabolism of apoE3 in 12 normolipidemic apoE3 homozygotes. In the apoE3 homozygous subjects, apoE4 was catabolized twice as fast as apoE3, with a mean plasma residence time of 0.37 +/- 0.01 d (+/- SEM) and 0.73 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.001), respectively. When plasma was fractionated into the lipoprotein subclasses, the greatest amount of labeled apoE4 was present on very low density lipoproteins, while the largest fraction of labeled apoE3 was associated with high density lipoproteins. The plasma apoE concentration was decreased in an apoE4 homozygote compared with the apoE3 homozygotes (3.11 mg/dl vs. 4.83 +/- 0.35 mg/dl). The reduced apoE4 concentration was entirely due to a decreased apoE4 residence time in the apoE4 homozygote (0.36 d vs. 0.73 +/- 0.05 d for apoE3 in apoE3 homozygotes). These results indicate that apoE4 is kinetically different than apoE3, and suggest that the presence of apoE4 in hypercholesterolemic and type V hyperlipoproteinemic individuals may play an important pathophysiological role in the development of these dyslipoproteinemias.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1172/jci112645

Cites

27 of 27 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

THE DISTRIBUTION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ULTRACENTRIFUGALLY SEPARATED LIPOPROTEINS IN HUMAN SERUM
Havel, R. J., Eder, H. A., & Bragdon, J. H. (1955) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103182 · Cited by 8,737
Dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation procedure for quantitation of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.
Warnick, G. R., Benderson, J., & Albers, J. J. (1982) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/28.6.1379 · Cited by 2,154
Lipid Research Clinics Program
Renfrew, R. A. (1984) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350180015009 · Cited by 829
Lipoprotein receptors and cholesterol homeostasis
Mahley, R. W., & Innerarity, T. L. (1983) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0304-4157(83)90001-1 · Cited by 756
Human apolipoprotein E. The complete amino acid sequence
Rall, S. C., Weisgraber, K. H., & Mahley, R. W. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34702-1 · Cited by 741
Abnormal lipoprotein receptor‐binding activity of the human E apoprotein due to cysteine‐arginine interchange at a single site
Weisgraber, K. H., Innerarity, T. L., & Mahley, R. W. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34954-8 · Cited by 673
Human very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein E isoprotein polymorphism is explained by genetic variation and posttranslational modification
Zannis, V. I., & Breslow, J. L. (1981) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00507a059 · Cited by 563
Polymorphism of apolipoprotein E
Utermann, G., Vogelberg, K. H., Steinmetz, A., Schoenborn, W., Pruin, N., Jaeschke, M., Hees, M. T. I. W. S.-V., & Canzler, H. (1979) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1979.tb02027.x · Cited by 408
Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type III: Deficiency of a specific apolipoprotein (APO E‐III) in the very‐low‐density lipoproteins
Utermann, G., Jaeschke, M., & Menzel, J. (1975) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(75)81125-2 · Cited by 337
Metabolism of apolipoprotein B in large triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins of normal and hypertriglyceridemic subjects.
Packard, C. J., Munro, A. F., Lorimer, A. R., Gotto, A. M., & Shepherd, J. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111644 · Cited by 298

Show all 27 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

[13]13. Gregg, R. E., D. Wilson, E. Rubalcaba, R. Ronan, and H. B. Brewer, Jr. 1983. Immunoquantitation of apolipoprotein E. Proc. Workshop Apolipoprotein Quantitation. 383–401.

Sorted by citations

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis.
Davignon, J., Gregg, R. E., & Sing, C. F. (1988) · Arteriosclerosis: An Official Journal of the American Heart Association, Inc. · doi:10.1161/01.atv.8.1.1 · Cited by 1,981
Self-citation
Apolipoprotein E: Far More Than a Lipid Transport Protein
Mahley, R. W., & Rall, S. C. (2000) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.1.1.507 · Cited by 1,836
Amyloid-associated proteins α1-antichymotrypsin and apolipoprotein E promote assembly of Alzheimer β-protein into filaments
Ma, J., Yee, A., Brewer, H. B., Das, S., & Potter, H. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372092a0 · Cited by 871
Self-citation
Apolipoprotein E: from cardiovascular disease to neurodegenerative disorders
Mahley, R. W. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-016-1427-y · Cited by 837
Apolipoprotein E: Structure-Function Relationships
Weisgraber, K. H. (1994) · Advances in Protein Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60642-7 · Cited by 830
Three-Dimensional Structure of the LDL Receptor-Binding Domain of Human Apolipoprotein E
Wilson, C., Wardell, M. R., Weisgraber, K. H., Mahley, R. W., & Agard, D. A. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2063194 · Cited by 678
The apolipoprotein E polymorphism: a comparison of allele frequencies and effects in nine populations.
Hallman, D. M., Boerwinkle, E., Saha, N., Sandholzer, C., Menzel, H., Csazar, A., & Utermann, G. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 511
Isoform-specific interactions of apolipoprotein E with microtubule-associated protein tau: implications for Alzheimer disease.
Strittmatter, W. J., Saunders, A. M., Goedert, M., Weisgraber, K. H., Dong, L. M., Jakes, R., Huang, D. Y., Pericak-Vance, M., Schmechel, D., & Roses, A. D. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.11183 · Cited by 474
Modulation of plasma triglyceride levels by apoE phenotype: a meta-analysis.
Dallongeville, J., Lussier‐Cacan, S., & Davignon, J. (1992) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41611-6 · Cited by 444
Dietary fat clearance in normal subjects is regulated by genetic variation in apolipoprotein E.
Weintraub, M. S., Eisenberg, S., & Breslow, J. L. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113243 · Cited by 418
Intestinal cholesterol absorption efficiency in man is related to apoprotein E phenotype.
Kesäniemi, Y. A., Ehnholm, C., & Miettinen, T. A. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113107 · Cited by 402
Phenotypes of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein E after liver transplantation.
Linton, M. F., Gish, R., Hubl, S. T., Bütler, E., Esquivel, C., Bry, W. I., Boyles, J. K., Wardell, M. R., & Young, S. G. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115288 · Cited by 367
Impact of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Polymorphism on Brain ApoE Levels
Riddell, D. R., Zhou, H., Atchison, K., Warwick, H. K., Atkinson, P. J., Jefferson, J., Xu, L., Aschmies, S., Kirksey, Y., Hu, Y., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1972-08.2008 · Cited by 346
Apolipoprotein E is a kinetic but not a thermodynamic inhibitor of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer disease
Evans, K. C., Berger, E. P., Cho, C. G., Weisgraber, K. H., & Lansbury, P. T. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.3.763 · Cited by 333
Apo E structure determines VLDL clearance and atherosclerosis risk in mice
Knouff, C., Hinsdale, M. E., Mezdour, H., Altenburg, M. K., Watanabe, M., Quarfordt, S. H., Sullivan, P. M., & Maeda, N. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci6172 · Cited by 324
Amyloid β-Peptide Is Transported on Lipoproteins and Albumin in Human Plasma
Biere, A. L., Ostaszewski, B., Stimson, E. R., Hyman, B. T., Maggio, J. E., & Selkoe, D. J. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.51.32916 · Cited by 331
Human apolipoprotein E: the Alzheimer's disease connection
Weisgraber, K. H., & Mahley, R. W. (1996) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.13.8940294 · Cited by 333
Human apolipoprotein E: Role of arginine 61 in mediating the lipoprotein preferences of the E3 and E4 isoforms
Dong, L. M., Wilson, C., Wardell, M. R., Simmons, T., Mahley, R. W., Weisgraber, K. H., & Agard, D. A. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31797-0 · Cited by 320
Apolipoprotein E: From lipid transport to neurobiology
Hauser, P. S., Narayanaswami, V., & Ryan, R. O. (2011) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2010.09.001 · Cited by 320
Human Apolipoprotein E4 Domain Interaction
Dong, L.-M., & Weisgraber, K. H. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.32.19053 · Cited by 318
Differences in stability among the human apolipoprotein E isoforms determined by the amino-terminal domain
Morrow, J. A., Segall, M. L., Lund-Katz, S., Phillips, M. C., Knapp, M., Rupp, B., & Weisgraber, K. H. (2000) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi000099m · Cited by 315
Apolipoprotein E distribution among human plasma lipoproteins: role of the cysteine-arginine interchange at residue 112
Weisgraber, K. H. (1990) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42621-5 · Cited by 304
Changes of genetic apolipoprotein phenotypes caused by liver transplantation. Implications for apolipoprotein synthesis.
Kraft, H. G., Menzel, H., Hoppichler, F., Vogel, W., & Utermann, G. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113849 · Cited by 263
Modulation of Secreted β-Amyloid Precursor Protein and Amyloid β-Peptide in Brain by Cholesterol
Howland, D., Trusko, S. P., Savage, M. J., Reaume, A. G., Lang, D. M., Hirsch, J. D., Maeda, N., Siman, R., Greenberg, B., Scott, R. W., et al. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.26.16576 · Cited by 256
Relation of apolipoprotein E phenotype to myocardial infarction and mortality from coronary artery disease
Eichner, J. E., Kuller, L. H., Orchard, T. J., Grandits, G. A., McCallum, L. M., Ferrell, R. E., & Neaton, J. D. (1993) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(93)90732-r · Cited by 247
Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertension, ApoE, and Cholesterol: A Link to Alzheimer's Disease?
Sparks, D. L. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48466.x · Cited by 244
Apolipoprotein E: Diversity of Cellular Origins, Structural and Biophysical Properties, and Effects in Alzheimer's Disease
Huang, Y., Weisgraber, K. H., Mucke, L., & Mahley, R. W. (2004) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1385/jmn:23:3:189 · Cited by 242
Apolipoprotein E isoform phenotyping methodology and population frequency with identification of apoE1 and apoE5 isoforms
Ordovas, J. M., Litwack-Klein, L., Wilson, P. W., Schaefer, M. M., & Schaefer, E. J. (1987) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38690-9 · Cited by 238
Self-citation
The key role of apolipoprotein E in atherosclerosis
Greenow, K. R., Pearce, N. J., & Ramji, D. P. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-004-0631-3 · Cited by 243
Genetic factors affecting blood lipoproteins: the candidate gene approach.
Lusis, A. J. (1988) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38516-3 · Cited by 219
ApoE Polymorphism and Fish Oil Supplementation in Subjects With an Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype
Minihane, A. M., Khan, S., Leigh-Firbank, E. C., Talmud, P., Wright, J. W., Murphy, M. C., Griffin, B. A., & Williams, C. M. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.8.1990 · Cited by 215
Association of apolipoprotein E genotype with brain levels of apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein J (clusterin) in Alzheimer disease
Bertrand, P., Poirier, J., Oda, T., Finch, C. E., & Pasinetti, G. M. (1995) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(95)00097-c · Cited by 210
Apolipoprotein E and atherosclerosis: insight from animal and human studies
Davignon, J., Cohn, J. S., Mabile, L., & Bernier, L. (1999) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(99)00097-2 · Cited by 210
Cerebrospinal fluid APOE levels: an endophenotype for genetic studies for Alzheimer's disease
Cruchaga, C., Kauwe, J. S. K., Nowotny, P., Bales, K., Pickering, E. H., Mayo, K., Bertelsen, S., Hinrichs, A., Fagan, A. M., Holtzman, D. M., et al. (2012) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/dds296 · Cited by 207
Effects of gender and menopausal status on the association of apolipoprotein E phenotype with plasma lipoprotein levels. Results from the Framingham Offspring Study.
Schaefer, E. J., Lamon‐Fava, S., Johnson, S., Ordovás, J. M., Schaefer, M. M., Castelli, W. P., & Wilson, P. W. (1994) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.14.7.1105 · Cited by 198
Self-citation
Introduction of human apolipoprotein E4 “domain interaction” into mouse apolipoprotein E
Raffaı̈, R. L., Dong, L., Farese, R. V., & Weisgraber, K. H. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.201279298 · Cited by 201
Apolipoprotein E - A Multifunctional Protein with Implications in Various Pathologies as a Result of Its Structural Features
Tudorache, I. F., Trusca, V. G., & Gafencu, A. V. (2017) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2017.05.003 · Cited by 186
Cholesterol absorption, elimination, and synthesis related to LDL kinetics during varying fat intake in men with different apoprotein E phenotypes.
Miettinen, T. A., Gylling, H., Vanhanen, H. T., & Ollus, A. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.9.1044 · Cited by 171
Total apolipoprotein E levels and specific isoform composition in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from Alzheimer’s disease patients and controls
Martínez-Morillo, E., Hansson, O., Atagi, Y., Bu, G., Minthon, L., Diamandis, E. P., & Nielsen, H. M. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1266-2 · Cited by 168
Effect of apolipoprotein E and A-IV phenotypes on the low density lipoprotein response to HMG CoA reductase inhibitor therapy
Ordovás, J. M., López‐Miranda, J., Pérez‐Jiménez, F., Rodríguez, C., Park, J.-S., Cole, T. G., & Schaefer, E. J. (1995) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)05439-p · Cited by 168
Self-citation
Apolipoprotein E and cholesterol in aging and disease in the brain
de Chaves, E. P., Narayanaswami, V., Christoffersen, C., & Nielsen, L. B. (2008) · Future Lipidology · doi:10.2217/17460875.3.5.505 · Cited by 164
Apolipoprotein E4 Alters Astrocyte Fatty Acid Metabolism and Lipid Droplet Formation
Farmer, B., Kluemper, J., & Johnson, L. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8020182 · Cited by 164
Apoprotein E polymorphism and coronary artery disease. Increased prevalence of apolipoprotein E-4 in angiographically verified coronary patients.
Kuusi, T., Nieminen, M. S., Ehnholm, C., Yki‐Järvinen, H., Valle, M., Nikkilä, E. A., & Taskinen, M. (1989) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.9.2.237 · Cited by 159
Molecular basis of exchangeable apolipoprotein function
Narayanaswami, V., & Ryan, R. O. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00176-6 · Cited by 152
ApoE4 disrupts sterol and sphingolipid metabolism in Alzheimer's but not normal brain
Bandaru, V. V. R., Troncoso, J. C., Wheeler, D., Pletniková, O., Wang, J., Conant, K., & Haughey, N. J. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.024 · Cited by 147
The role of apolipoprotein E genetic variants in lipoprotein disorders.
RALL, S. C., & MAHLEY, R. W. (1992) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb01254.x · Cited by 150
Plasma apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease risk: The AIBL study of aging
Gupta, V. B., Laws, S. M., Villemagne, V. L., Ames, D., Bush, A. I., Ellis, K. A., Lui, J. K., Masters, C., Rowe, C. C., Szoeke, C., et al. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318211c352 · Cited by 149
Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE
Martínez-Martínez, A. B., Torres-Perez, E., Devanney, N., Del Moral, R., Johnson, L. A., & Arbones-Mainar, J. M. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104809 · Cited by 149
Overexpression of apolipoprotein E in transgenic mice: marked reduction in plasma lipoproteins except high density lipoprotein and resistance against diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.
Shimano, H., Yamada, N., Katsuki, M., Shimada, M., Gotoda, T., Harada, K., Murase, T., Fukazawa, C., Takaku, F., & Yazaki, Y. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.5.1750 · Cited by 143
Links between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: serum lipids or atherosclerosis per se?
Bagger, Y. Z., Rasmussen, H. B., Alexandersen, P., Werge, T. M., Christiansen, C., Tankó, L. B., & PERF study group (2006) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-006-0255-2 · Cited by 140
Impaired recycling of apolipoprotein E4 is associated with intracellular cholesterol accumulation
Heeren, J., Grewal, T., Laatsch, A., Becker, N., Rinninger, F., Rye, K.-A., & Beisiegel, U. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m409324200 · Cited by 139
Preclinical trials in autosomal dominant AD: Implementation of the DIAN-TU trial
Mills, S., Mallmann, J., Santacruz, A. M., Fuqua, A., Carril, M. M. G., Aisen, P. S., Althage, M. C., Belyew, S., Benzinger, T. L. S., Brooks, W. S., et al. (2013) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2013.07.017 · Cited by 139
Apolipoprotein E Recycling: Implications for Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis
Heeren, J., Beisiegel, U., & Grewal, T. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000201282.64751.47 · Cited by 123
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in The Netherlands and its effect on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels
Smit, M., de Knijff, P., Rosseneu, M., Bury, J., Klasen, E., Frants, R., & Havekes, L. (1988) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01790099 · Cited by 127
Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E, APOE genotype and risk of dementia and ischemic heart disease: A review
Rasmussen, K. L. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.037 · Cited by 125
ApoE genotype, cardiovascular risk and responsiveness to dietary fat manipulation
Minihane, A. M., Jofre‐Monseny, L., Olano-Martin, E., & Rimbach, G. H. (2007) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665107005435 · Cited by 128
APO E gene and gene-environment effects on plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels
HAGBERG, J. M., WILUND, K. R., & FERRELL, R. E. (2000) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.2000.4.2.101 · Cited by 118
Differential distribution of apolipoprotein E isoforms in human plasma lipoproteins
Steinmetz, A., Jakobs, C., Motzny, S., & Kaffarnik, H. (1989) · Arteriosclerosis: An Official Journal of the American Heart Association, Inc. · doi:10.1161/01.atv.9.3.405 · Cited by 93
Seeding of Aβ Fibril Formation Is Inhibited by All Three Isotypes of Apolipoprotein E
Wood, S. J., Chan, W., & Wetzel, R. B. (1996) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi961074j · Cited by 118
The response to lovastatin treatment in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is modulated by apolipoprotein E polymorphism
Carmena, R., Roederer, G. O., Mailloux, H., Lussier‐Cacan, S., & Davignon, J. (1993) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(93)90066-w · Cited by 117
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and high density lipoprotein responses to cholesterol feeding in men: relationship to apolipoprotein E genotype.
Martin, L., Connelly, P. W., Nancoo, D., Wood, N., Zhang, Z.-J., Maguire, G. F., Quinet, E. M., Tall, A. R., Marcel, Y. L., & McPherson, R. (1993) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40735-7 · Cited by 113
Plasma kinetics of apoC-III and apoE in normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects.
Batal, R., Tremblay, M., Barrett, P. H. R., Jacques, H., Fredenrich, A., Mamer, O., Davignon, J., & Cohn, J. S. (2000) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32379-8 · Cited by 113
Reduced levels of human apoE4 protein in an animal model of cognitive impairment
Sullivan, P. M., Han, B., Liu, F., Mace, B. E., Ervin, J. F., Wu, S., Koger, D., Paul, S., & Bales, K. R. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.011 · Cited by 113
Rapid Regression of Atherosclerosis Induced by Liver-Directed Gene Transfer of ApoE in ApoE-Deficient Mice
Tsukamoto, K., Tangirala, R. K., Chun, S. H., Puré, E., & Rader, D. J. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.9.2162 · Cited by 110
Alzheimer Aβ neurotoxicity: Promotion by antichymotrypsin, ApoE4; inhibition by Aβ-related peptides
Ma, J., Brewer, H. B., & Potter, H. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00112-1 · Cited by 108
Self-citation
The relationship of APOE polymorphism and cholesterol levels in normoglycemic and diabetic subjects in a biethnic population from the San Luis Valley, Colorado
Kamboh, M. I. (1995) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)05409-c · Cited by 104
Transport and Retinal Capture of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Reference to Age-related Macular Degeneration
Loane, E., Nolan, J. M., O’Donovan, Ó., Bhosale, P., Bernstein, P. S., & Beatty, S. (2008) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.10.008 · Cited by 109
Relationship of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism with carotid artery atherosclerosis.
de Andrade, M., Thandi, I., Brown, S., Gotto, A. M., Patsch, W., & Boerwinkle, E. (1995) · PubMed Central · Cited by 103
Identification of the disulfide-linked homodimer of apolipoprotein E3 in plasma. Impact on receptor binding activity
Weisgraber, K. H., & Shinto, L. H. (1991) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99060-5 · Cited by 104
Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. V. A novel rapid procedure to screen apolipoprotein E polymorphism
Kamboh, M. I., Ferrell, R. E., & Kottke, B. A. (1988) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38431-5 · Cited by 103
Impact of Apolipoprotein E on Alzheimer’s Disease
Hauser, P. S., & Ryan, R. O. (2013) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/15672050113109990156 · Cited by 103
Age-Dependent Association of Apolipoprotein E Genotypes With Stroke Subtypes in a Japanese Rural Population
Kokubo, Y., Chowdhury, A. H., Date, C., Yokoyama, A., Sobue, H., & Tanaka, H. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.6.1299 · Cited by 103
Apolipoprotein E Isoform Phenotype and LDL Subclass Response to a Reduced-Fat Diet
Dreon, D. M., Fernstrom, H. A., Miller, B., & Krauss, R. M. (1995) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.15.1.105 · Cited by 100
Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia associated with apolipoprotein E3-Leiden in an extended multigeneration pedigree.
de Knijff, P., van den Maagdenberg, A. M., Stalenhoef, A. F., Leuven, J. A., Demacker, P. N., Kuyt, L. P., Frants, R. R., & Havekes, L. M. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115349 · Cited by 100
The Immune‐Modulatory Role of Apolipoprotein E with Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Zhang, H., Wu, J., & Zhu, J. (2010) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2010/186813 · Cited by 99
Prolonged postprandial responses of lipids and apolipoproteins in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of individuals expressing an apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele.
Bergeron, N., & Havel, R. J. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118408 · Cited by 100
Altered cholesterol metabolism in human apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice
Hamanaka, H. (2000) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/9.3.353 · Cited by 99
ApoE genotype: from geographic distribution to function and responsiveness to dietary factors
Egert, S., Rimbach, G. H., & Huebbe, P. (2012) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665112000249 · Cited by 97
Association of Specific LDL Receptor Gene Mutations With Differential Plasma Lipoprotein Response to Simvastatin in Young French Canadians With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Couture, P., Brun, L., Szöts, F., Lelièvre, M., Gaudet, D., Després, J., Simard, J., Lupien, P. J., & Gagné, C. (1998) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.18.6.1007 · Cited by 94
Liver-directed gene transfer and prolonged expression of three major human ApoE isoforms in ApoE-deficient mice.
Tsukamoto, K., Smith, P., Glick, J. M., & Rader, D. J. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119501 · Cited by 92
Functional Characterization of Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Overexpressed in Escherichia coli
Morrow, J. A., Arnold, K. S., & Weisgraber, K. H. (1999) · Protein Expression and Purification · doi:10.1006/prep.1999.1069 · Cited by 94
The Alzheimer’s disease risk factors apolipoprotein E and TREM2 are linked in a receptor signaling pathway
Jendresen, C., Årskog, V., Daws, M. R., & Nilsson, L. N. G. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0835-4 · Cited by 94
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis: insight from a study in octogenarians.
Davignon, J., Bouthillier, D., Nestruck, A. C., & Sing, C. F. (1988) · PubMed Central · Cited by 92
Apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphism, remnant lipoproteins, and nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients
Eto, M., Saito, M., Okada, M., Kume, Y., Kawasaki, F., Matsuda, M., Yoneda, M., Matsuki, M., Takigami, S., & Kaku, K. (2002) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/ajkd.2002.34502 · Cited by 90
Opposite roles of apolipoprotein E in normal brains and in Alzheimer’s disease
Russo, C., Angelini, G., Dapino, D., Piccini, A., Piombo, G., Schettini, G., Chen, S., Teller, J. K., Zaccheo, D., Gambetti, P. L., et al. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15598 · Cited by 93
Genetic basis of lipoprotein disorders.
Breslow, J. L. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114176 · Cited by 91
Effect of Domain Interaction on Apolipoprotein E Levels in Mouse Brain
Ramaswamy, G., Xu, Q., Huang, Y., & Weisgraber, K. H. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1922-05.2005 · Cited by 87
ALTERATIONS IN APOLIPOPROTEIN E EXPRESSION DURING AGING AND NEURODEGENERATION
Masliah, E., Mallory, M. E., Veinbergs, I., Miller, A. L., & Samuel, W. (1996) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00038-x · Cited by 87
Disturbance in uniformly13C-labelled DHA metabolism in elderly human subjects carrying the apoE ε4 allele
Chouinard‐Watkins, R., Rioux‐Perreault, C., Fortier, M., Tremblay‐Mercier, J., Zhang, Y., Lawrence, P., Vohl, M., Perron, P., Lorrain, D., Brenna, J. T., et al. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513001268 · Cited by 95
Free radical theory of aging: Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Harman, D. (1995) · AGE · doi:10.1007/bf02436085 · Cited by 87
Isoform- and cell-state-specific lipidation of ApoE in astrocytes
Lindner, K., Beckenbauer, K., van Ek, L. C., Titeca, K., de Leeuw, S. M., Awwad, K., Hanke, F., Korepanova, A. V., Rybin, V., van der Kam, E. L., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110435 · Cited by 84
Type III hyperlipoproteinemia associated with apolipoprotein E phenotype E3/3: structure and genetics of an apolipoprotein E3 variant
Rall, S. C., Newhouse, Y. M., Clarke, H. R., Weisgraber, K. H., McCarthy, B. J., Mahley, R. W., & Bersot, T. P. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113988 · Cited by 103
LXR Agonists: New Potential Therapeutic Drug for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Xu, P., Li, D., Tang, X., Bao, X., Huang, J., Tang, Y., Yang, Y., Xu, H., & Fan, X. (2013) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-013-8461-3 · Cited by 84
Apolipoprotein E, Synaptic Plasticity and Alzheimer's Disease
Poirier, J., Minnich, A., & Davignon, J. (1995) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899509019253 · Cited by 86
Comparison of the stabilities and unfolding pathways of human apolipoprotein E isoforms by differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism.
Acharya, P., Segall, M. L., Zaiou, M., Morrow, J., Weisgraber, K. H., Phillips, M. C., Lund-Katz, S., & Snow, J. (2002) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(02)00263-9 · Cited by 82
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in Italy investigated in native plasma by a simple polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing technique. Comparison with frequency data of other European populations
Corbo, R. M., Scacchi, R., Mureddu, L., Mulas, G., & ALFANO, G. (1995) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1995.tb00741.x · Cited by 80
Genetic Mutations Affecting Human Lipoproteins, Their Receptors, and Their Enzymes
Zannis, V. I., Kardassis, D., & Zanni, E. E. (1993) · Advances in Human Genetics 21 · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3010-7_3 · Cited by 78
Postprandial plasma lipoprotein changes in relation to apolipoprotein E phenotypes and low density lipoprotein size in men with and without coronary artery disease
Nikkilä, M. T., Solakivi, T., Lehtimäki, T. J., Koivula, T. A., Laippala, P., & Aström, B. (1994) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)90120-1 · Cited by 78
Impact of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining interindividual variation in total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites
Kamboh, M. I., Aston, C. E., Ferrell, R. E., & Hamman, R. F. (1993) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(93)90129-i · Cited by 78
Pharmacogenetics of Apolipoprotein E Gene During Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Lipid Levels and Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Nieminen, T. V. M., Kähönen, M. A. P., Viiri, L. E., Grönroos, P. E., & Lehtimäki, T. J. (2008) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/14622416.9.10.1475 · Cited by 77

Authors: Gregg, R. E., Zech, L. A., Schaefer, E. J., Stark, D., Wilson, D., & Brewer, H. B.
Affiliations: Tufts University (US)
ORCID: Gregg, R E
Schaefer, E J
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 1986-09-01
Volume: 78
Issue: 3
Pages: 815-821
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci112645
PMC: PMC423680
OpenAlex: W1990170200
Cited by: 345
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 11.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
NIH Clinical Center
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords: APOE ε4, apolipoprotein E3, APOE polymorphism, plasma residence time, VLDL, high-density lipoprotein, type V hyperlipoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipoproteinemia
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Apolipoproteins E, Female, Homozygote, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V, Iodine Radioisotopes, Kinetics, Lipoproteins, Lipoproteins, HDL, Lipoproteins, LDL, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Male, Phenotype, Apolipoprotein E3, Apolipoprotein E4, Lipoproteins, IDL

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Abnormal in vivo metabolism of apolipoprotein E4 in humans.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks