Cited by 204Treatment of Major DepressionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Disinhibition of somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons results in an anxiolytic and antidepressant-like brain state

Open access
Fuchs, T, Jefferson, S J, Hooper, A, Yee, P-HP, Maguire, J, Luscher, B·2017·Molecular Psychiatry

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with reduced concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that are normalized by antidepressant therapies. Moreover, depressive-like phenotypes of GABA A receptor mutant mice can be reversed by treatment with conventional antidepressants drugs, as well as by subanesthetic doses of ketamine. Thus GABAergic deficits may causally contribute to depressive disorders, while antidepressant therapies may enhance GABAergic synaptic transmission. Here we tested the hypothesis that sustained enhancement of GABAergic transmission alone is sufficient to elicit antidepressant-like behavior, using disinhibition of GABAergic interneurons. We focused on somatostatin-positive (SST + ) GABAergic interneurons because of evidence that their function is compromised in MDD. To disinhibit SST + interneurons, we inactivated the γ2 subunit gene of GABA A receptors selectively in these neurons (SSTCre:γ2 f/f mice). Loss of inhibitory synaptic input resulted in increased excitability of SST + interneurons. In turn, pyramidal cell targets of SST + neurons showed an increased frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. The behavior of SSTCre:γ2 f/f mice mimicked the effects of anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs in a number of behavioral tests, without affecting performance in a spatial learning- and memory-dependent task. Finally, brain extracts of SSTCre:γ2 f/f mice showed decreased phosphorylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2, reminiscent of the effects of ketamine. Importantly, these effects occurred without altered activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway nor did they involve altered expression of SST. However, they were associated with reduced Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent auto-phosphorylation of eEF2 kinase, which controls the activity of eEF2 as its single target. Thus enhancing GABAergic inhibitory synaptic inputs from SST + interneurons to pyramidal cells and corresponding chronic reductions in the synaptic excitation:inhibition ratio represents a novel strategy for antidepressant therapies that reproduces behavioral and biochemical end points of rapidly acting antidepressants.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/mp.2016.188

Cites

83 of 83 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Selective knockout of γ2GABAARs in SST+ interneurons of the forebrain is anxiolytic.

    “For instance, a recent study [52] showed that the selective knockout of γ2GABAARs in SST+ interneurons of the forebrain is anxiolytic.”

    From An emerging circuit pharmacology of GABAA receptors (2018) · cites this paper as [52]

  • Selective knockout of γ2GABAARs on SST+ interneurons of the forebrain increases spontaneous and miniature IPSCs in CA1.

    “Selective knockout of γ2GABAARs on SST+ interneurons of the forebrain, on the other hand, led to a subtler behavioral phenotype with no observed changes in spatial learning, despite increasing both spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in CA1 [52].”

    From An emerging circuit pharmacology of GABAA receptors (2018) · cites this paper as [52]

  • Conditional deletion of γ2 from SST+ interneurons in the forebrain disinhibits this interneuron population.

    “More recently, conditional deletion of γ2 from SST+ interneurons in the forebrain was shown to disinhibit this interneuron population, in turn inhibiting excitatory pyramidal cells within CA1 of the hippocampus and layer 2/3 of the cingulate cortex and having anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects [52].”

    From An emerging circuit pharmacology of GABAA receptors (2018) · cites this paper as [52]

  • This disinhibition inhibits excitatory pyramidal cells within CA1 of the hippocampus and layer 2/3 of the cingulate cortex.

    “More recently, conditional deletion of γ2 from SST+ interneurons in the forebrain was shown to disinhibit this interneuron population, in turn inhibiting excitatory pyramidal cells within CA1 of the hippocampus and layer 2/3 of the cingulate cortex and having anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects [52].”

    From An emerging circuit pharmacology of GABAA receptors (2018) · cites this paper as [52]

  • Potentiation of GABAergic inhibitory input to pyramidal cells via disinhibition of somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons induced sustained antidepressant-like effects in mice.

    “Similarly, potentiation of GABAergic inhibitory input to pyramidal cells via a disinhibition of somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons induced sustained antidepressant-like effects in mice 54.”

    From Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant (2018) · cites this paper as [54]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Fuchs, T., Jefferson, S. J., Hooper, A., Yee, P.-H., Maguire, J., & Luscher, B.
Affiliations
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
  • Tufts University (US)
Venue
Molecular Psychiatry
Published
2016-11-08
Volume
22
Issue
6
Pages
920-930
ISSN
  • 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5578
OpenAlex
W2556544290
Cited by
204
References
82
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9
FWCI
15.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH097247, R01MH099851, MH099851, MH097247)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32NS061764, R56 NS073574, R01NS073574, NS073574, R01NS102937)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
GABAergic disinhibition, major depressive disorder, antidepressant-like behavior, anxiolytic behavior, GABA-A receptor gamma2 subunit, eEF2 phosphorylation, eEF2 kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, excitation-inhibition balance, inhibitory postsynaptic currents, pyramidal neurons, ketamine, synaptic transmission
MeSH terms
Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Brain, Major Depressive Disorder, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Interneurons, Ketamine, Mice, Transgenic, Synaptic Transmission, Receptors, GABA-A, Somatostatin, Anti-Anxiety Agents, GABA Agents, Mice, Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials, GABAergic Neurons

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review