Somatostatin-Positive Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Interneuron Deficits in Depression: Cortical Microcircuit and Therapeutic Perspectives
Open accessAbstract
The functional integration of external and internal signals forms the basis of information processing and is essential for higher cognitive functions. This occurs in finely tuned cortical microcircuits whose functions are balanced at the cellular level by excitatory glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons. The balance of excitation and inhibition, from cellular processes to neural network activity, is characteristically disrupted in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. Specifically, nearly 3 decades of research demonstrate a role for reduced inhibitory GABA level and function across disorders. In MDD, recent evidence from human postmortem and animal studies suggests a selective vulnerability of GABAergic interneurons that coexpress the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST). Advances in cell type-specific molecular genetics have now helped to elucidate several important roles for SST interneurons in cortical processing (regulation of pyramidal cell excitatory input) and behavioral control (mood and cognition). Here, we review evidence for altered inhibitory function arising from GABAergic deficits across disorders and specifically in MDD. We then focus on properties of the cortical microcircuit, where SST-positive GABAergic interneuron deficits may disrupt functioning in several ways. Finally, we discuss the putative origins of SST cell deficits, as informed by recent research, and implications for therapeutic approaches. We conclude that deficits in SST interneurons represent a contributing cellular pathology and therefore a promising target for normalizing altered inhibitory function in MDD and other disorders with reduced SST cell and GABA functions.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Findings in mood disorders reveal alterations at the levels of intracellular signaling, gene expression, neurotrophic factors, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, and synaptic number and function in several brain regions implicated in depression.
“These findings reveal alterations at the levels of intracellular signaling, gene expression, neurotrophic factors, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, and synaptic number and function, and have been described in several brain regions implicated in depression 13-22 .”
From Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
The sections on GABA-related microcircuit deficits and therapeutic approaches describe altered gene and protein expression, excitatory and inhibitory signaling, neurotrophic signaling, inflammation-related changes, and synaptic proteins in depression. The review also identifies changes in several implicated brain regions. It does not establish the full list attributed to it, particularly alterations in neurogenesis or synaptic number. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGABAergic interneurons, especially the PV+ subtype, have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disease.
“GABAergic interneurons, especially the PV+ subtype, play an important role in the regulation of neuronal oscillations in the brain (24–27) and have also been implicated in neuropsychiatric disease (66; 67).”
From Perineuronal nets, inhibitory interneurons and anxiety-related ventral hippocampal neuronal oscillations are altered by early life adversity (2019) · cites this paper as [66]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Shrestha, S., & Offer, S. M. (2016) · Medical Epigenetics · doi:10.1159/000444713 · Cited by 8,949 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies
Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350094 · Cited by 8,501 · see citing works
Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression
Miller, A. H., Maletic, V., & Raison, C. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029 · Cited by 3,848 · see citing works
mTOR-Dependent Synapse Formation Underlies the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of NMDA Antagonists
Li, N., Lee, B., Liu, R.-J., Banasr, M., Dwyer, J. M., Iwata, M., Li, X.-Y., Aghajanian, G., & Duman, R. S. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1190287 · Cited by 2,881 · see citing works
Self-citationNeocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction
Yizhar, O., Fenno, L. E., Prigge, M., Schneider, F., Davidson, T. J., O’Shea, D. J., Sohal, V. S., Goshen, I., Finkelstein, J., Paz, J. T., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10360 · Cited by 2,454 · see citing works
Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation
Chen, R., Classen, J., Gerloff, C., Celnik, P., Wassermann, E. M., Hallett, M., & Cohen, L. G. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.5.1398 · Cited by 2,128 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Reflecting findings in MDD (41, 42), repetitive TMS increased cortical inhibition (55) and lengthened CSP (56) in healthy individuals, suggesting enhanced GABA neurotransmission.”
GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits
Tremblay, R., Lee, S., & Rudy, B. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.033 · Cited by 2,033 · see citing works
The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments
Pariante, C. M., & Lightman, S. L. (2008) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.06.006 · Cited by 2,009 · see citing works
Epidemiology of women and depression
Kessler, R. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00426-3 · Cited by 2,006 · see citing works
NMDA receptor blockade at rest triggers rapid behavioural antidepressant responses
Autry, A. E., Adachi, M., Nosyreva, E., Na, E. S., Los, M. F., Cheng, P.-F., Kavalali, E. T., & Monteggia, L. M. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10130 · Cited by 1,926 · see citing works
Synaptic plasticity and depression: new insights from stress and rapid-acting antidepressants
Duman, R. S., Aghajanian, G. K., Sanacora, G., & Krystal, J. H. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4050 · Cited by 1,750 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression.
Disner, S. G., Beevers, C. G., Haigh, E. A. P., & Beck, A. T. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3027 · Cited by 1,718 · see citing works
The default mode network and self-referential processes in depression
Sheline, Y. I., Barch, D. M., Price, J. L., Rundle, M. M., Vaishnavi, S. N., Snyder, A. Z., Mintun, M. A., Wang, S., Coalson, R. S., & Raichle, M. E. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812686106 · Cited by 1,480 · see citing works
Rajkowska, G., Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J., Wei, J., Dilley, G., Pittman, S. D., Meltzer, H. Y., Overholser, J. C., Roth, B. L., & Stockmeier, C. A. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00041-4 · Cited by 1,477 · see citing works
Three groups of interneurons account for nearly 100% of neocortical GABAergic neurons
Rudy, B., Fishell, G., Lee, S., & Hjerling‐Leffler, J. (2011) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.20853 · Cited by 1,420 · see citing works
Pfeffer, C. K., Xue, M., He, M., Huang, Z. J., & Scanziani, M. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3446 · Cited by 1,353 · see citing works
Dysfunction in GABA signalling mediates autism-like stereotypies and Rett syndrome phenotypes
Chao, H.-T., Chen, H., Samaco, R. C., Xue, M., Chahrour, M., Yoo, J., Neul, J. L., Gong, S., Lu, H.-C., Heintz, N., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09582 · Cited by 1,168 · see citing works
Towards a glutamate hypothesis of depression
Sanacora, G., Treccani, G., & Popoli, M. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.036 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
The role of default network deactivation in cognition and disease
Anticevic, A., Cole, M. W., Murray, J. D., Corlett, P. R., Wang, X.-J., & Krystal, J. H. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.10.008 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex
Jiang, X., Shen, S., Cadwell, C. R., Berens, P., Sinz, F., Ecker, A. S., Patel, S., & Tolias, A. S. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac9462 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Anderson, I. M., Ferrier, I. N., Baldwin, R., Cowen, P. J., Howard, L. M., Lewis, G., Matthews, K., McAllister-Williams, H., Peveler, R. C., Scott, J. L., et al. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107088441 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Bewernick, B. H., Hurlemann, R., Matusch, A., Kayser, S., Grubert, C., Hadrysiewicz, B., Axmacher, N., Lemke, M., Cooper-Mahkorn, D., Cohen, M. X., et al. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.013 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Hasler, G., van der Veen, J. W., Tumonis, T., Meyers, N., Shen, J., & Drevets, W. C. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.193 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
Integrated Brain Circuits: Astrocytic Networks Modulate Neuronal Activity and Behavior
Halassa, M. M., & Haydon, P. G. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135843 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
Hamilton, J. P., Furman, D. J., Chang, C., Thomason, M. E., Dennis, E., & Gotlib, I. H. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.003 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Long-range and local circuits for top-down modulation of visual cortex processing
Zhang, S., Xu, M., Kamigaki, T., Hoang Do, J. P., Chang, W.-C., Jenvay, S., Miyamichi, K., Luo, L., & Dan, Y. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1254126 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Subtype-Specific Alterations of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamatein Patients With Major Depression
Sanacora, G., Gueorguieva, R. V., Epperson, C. N., Wu, Y., Appel, M., Rothman, D. L., Krystal, J. H., & Mason, G. F. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.7.705 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
A cellular mechanism for cortical associations: an organizing principle for the cerebral cortex
Larkum, M. (2013) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.11.006 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Control of timing, rate and bursts of hippocampal place cells by dendritic and somatic inhibition
Royer, S., Zemelman, B. V., Losonczy, A., Kim, J., Chance, F., Magee, J. C., & Buzsáki, G. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3077 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Duman, R. S., & Voleti, B. (2012) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.11.004 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Synaptic integration in tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons: a new unifying principle
Larkum, M. E., Nevian, T., Sandler, M., Polsky, A., & Schiller, J. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1171958 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors: Their Function in the CNS and Implications for Disease
Brickley, S. G., & Módy, I. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.012 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Gaynes, B. N., Warden, D., Trivedi, M. H., Wisniewski, S. R., Fava, M., & Rush, A. J. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.11.1439 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Sanacora, G., Mason, G. F., Rothman, D. L., Behar, K. L., Hyder, F., Petroff, O. A. C., Berman, R. M., Charney, D. S., & Krystal, J. H. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.11.1043 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Gliogenesis and Glial Pathology in Depression
Rajkowska, G., & Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J. (2007) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152707780619326 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Somatosensory integration controlled by dynamic thalamocortical feed-forward inhibition
Gabernet, L., Jadhav, S. P., Feldman, D. E., Carandini, M., & Scanziani, M. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.022 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in human cerebral cortex
McCormick, D. A. (1989) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1989.62.5.1018 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Interactions between two different inhibitory systems in the human motor cortex
Sanger, T. D., Garg, R. R., & Chen, R. E. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0307l.x · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Increased Cortical GABA Concentrations in Depressed Patients Receiving ECT
Sanacora, G., Mason, G. F., Rothman, D. L., Hyder, F., Ciarcia, J. J., Ostroff, R. B., Berman, R., & Krystal, J. H. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.577 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Dendritic Inhibition in the Hippocampus Supports Fear Learning
Lovett-Barron, M., Kaifosh, P., Kheirbek, M. A., Danielson, N., Zaremba, J. D., Reardon, T. R., Turi, G. F., Hen, R., Zemelman, B. V., & Losonczy, A. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1247485 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Low glial numbers in the amygdala in major depressive disorder
Bowley, M. P., Drevets, W. C., Öngür, D., & Price, J. L. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01404-x · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Sanacora, G., Mason, G. F., Rothman, D. L., & Krystal, J. H. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.663 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Three distinct families of GABAergic neurons in rat visual cortex
Gonchar, Y. (1997) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/7.4.347 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Banasr, M., Chowdhury, G. M. I., Terwilliger, R., Newton, S. S., Duman, R. S., Behar, K. L., & Sanacora, G. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.106 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Self-citationUnique functional properties of somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons in mouse barrel cortex
Gentet, L. J., Kremer, Y., Taniguchi, H., Huang, Z. J., Staiger, J. F., & Petersen, C. C. H. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3051 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Distinct Subtypes of Somatostatin-Containing Neocortical Interneurons Revealed in Transgenic Mice
Ma, Y., Hu, H., Berrebi, A. S., Mathers, P. H., & Agmon, A. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0661-06.2006 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Rajkowska, G., O'Dwyer, G., Teleki, Z., Stockmeier, C. A., & Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301234 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of neurofunctional imaging studies of emotion and cognition in major depression
Diener, C., Kuehner, C., Brusniak, W., Ubl, B., Wessa, M., & Flor, H. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.005 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Galarreta, M., & Hestrin, S. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.192159599 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Role of myelin plasticity in oscillations and synchrony of neuronal activity
Pajevic, S., Basser, P. J., & Fields, R. D. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.007 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Guilloux, J.-P., Douillard-Guilloux, G., Kota, R., Wang, X., Gardier, A. M., Martinowich, K., Tseng, G. C., Lewis, D. A., & Sibille, E. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.113 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Self-citationCarpenter, L. L., Janicak, P. G., Aaronson, S. T., Boyadjis, T. A., Brock, D. G., Cook, I. A., Dünner, D. L., Lanocha, K. I., Solvason, H. B., & Demitrack, M. A. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.21969 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Dendritic encoding of sensory stimuli controlled by deep cortical interneurons
Murayama, M., Pérez-Garci, E., Nevian, T., Bock, T., Senn, W., & Larkum, M. E. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07663 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Neocortical Somatostatin-Expressing GABAergic Interneurons Disinhibit the Thalamorecipient Layer 4
Xu, H., Jeong, H.-Y., Tremblay, R., & Rudy, B. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.004 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Self-referential processing, rumination, and cortical midline structures in major depression
Nejad, A. B., Fossati, P., & Lemogne, C. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00666 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
GABA concentrations in the human anterior cingulate cortex predict negative BOLD responses in fMRI
Northoff, G., Walter, M., Schulte, R. F., Beck, J., Dydak, U., Henning, A., Boeker, H., Grimm, S., & Boesiger, P. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2001 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Input normalization by global feedforward inhibition expands cortical dynamic range
Pouille, F., Marin-Burgin, A., Adesnik, H., Atallah, B. V., & Scanziani, M. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2441 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Roick, H., von Giesen, H. ‐., & Benecke, R. M. (1993) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00230207 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Astrocytes Modulate Neural Network Activity by Ca 2+ -Dependent Uptake of Extracellular K +
Wang, F., Smith, N., Xu, Q., Fujita, T., Baba, A., Matsuda, T., Takano, T., Bekar, L. K., & Nedergaard, M. (2012) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2002334 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
What's wrong with my mouse model?
Kalueff, A. V., Wheaton, M., & Murphy, D. L. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.01.023 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Tripp, A., Oh, H., Guilloux, J.-P., Martinowich, K., Lewis, D. A., & Sibille, E. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020248 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationPrice, R. B., Shungu, D. C., Mao, X., Nestadt, P., Kelly, C., Collins, K. A., Murrough, J. W., Charney, D. S., & Mathew, S. J. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.025 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
GABA levels in CSF of patients with psychiatric disorders
Gold, B. I., Bowers, M. B., Roth, R. H., & Sweeney, D. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.3.362 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
An excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression
Thompson, S. M., Kallarackal, A. J., Kvarta, M. D., Van Dyke, A. M., LeGates, T. A., & Cai, X. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.03.003 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Fanselow, E. E., Richardson, K. A., & Connors, B. W. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.90691.2008 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Evidence of Cortical Inhibitory Deficits in Major Depressive Disorder
Levinson, A. J., Fitzgerald, P. B., Favalli, G., Blumberger, D. M., Daigle, M., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.025 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Murray, J. D., Anticevic, A., Gancsos, M., Ichinose, M., Corlett, P. R., Krystal, J. H., & Wang, X.-J. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs370 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Neuromodulators signal through astrocytes to alter neural circuit activity and behaviour
Ma, Z., Stork, T., Bergles, D. E., & Freeman, M. R. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20145 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Lewis, D. A., & Sweet, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci37335 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Bhagwagar, Z., Wylezinska, M., Taylor, M. J., Jezzard, P., Matthews, P. M., & Cowen, P. J. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.2.368 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Daskalakis, Z. J., Möller, B., Christensen, B. K., Fitzgerald, P. B., Gunraj, C. A., & Chen, R. E. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0472-0 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
GABA-related transcripts in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in mood disorders
Sibille, E., Morris, H. M., Kota, R. S., & Lewis, D. A. (2011) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145710001616 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationMorris, H. M., Hashimoto, T., & Lewis, D. A. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm186 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Gerner, R. H., Fairbanks, L. A., Anderson, G. M., Young, J. G., Scheinin, M., Linnoila, M., Hare, T. A., Shaywitz, B. A., & Cohen, D. J. (1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.12.1533 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Kapogiannis, D., Reiter, D. A., Willette, A. A., & Mattson, M. P. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.029 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Schmid, L., Mittag, M., Poll, S., Steffen, J., Wagner, J., Geis, H., Schwarz, I., Schmidt, B., Schwarz, M. K., Remy, S., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.034 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Carreno, F. R., Donegan, J. J., Boley, A. M., Shah, A., DeGuzman, M., Frazer, A., & Lodge, D. J. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.176 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Fuchs, T., Jefferson, S. J., Hooper, A., Yee, P.-H., Maguire, J., & Luscher, B. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.188 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Reduced level of glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 kDa in the prefrontal cortex in major depression
Karolewicz, B., Maciag, D., O'Dwyer, G., Stockmeier, C. A., Feyissa, A. M., & Rajkowska, G. (2010) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145709990587 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Dissociated effects of diazepam and lorazepam on short‐latency afferent inhibition
Lazzaro, V. D., Pilato, F., Dileone, M., Tonali, P. A., & Ziemann, U. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.092155 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Anterior Cingulate Cortexγ-Aminobutyric Acid in Depressed Adolescents: Relationship to Anhedonia
Gabbay, V. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.131 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Distinct Roles of Parvalbumin- and Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in Working Memory
Kim, D., Jeong, H., Lee, J., Ghim, J.-W., Her, E. S., Lee, S.-H., & Jung, M. W. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.023 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Evidence for Impaired Cortical Inhibition in Patients with Unipolar Major Depression
Bajbouj, M., Lisanby, S. H., Lang, U. E., Danker‐Hopfe, H., Heuser, I., & Neu, P. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.07.036 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Chowdhury, G. M. I., Zhang, J., Thomas, M., Banasr, M., Ma, X., Pittman, B., Bristow, L., Schaeffer, E., Duman, R. S., Rothman, D. L., et al. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.34 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationReduced somatostatin in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in major depression
Tripp, A., Kota, R. S., Lewis, D. A., & Sibille, E. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.014 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationA putative functional role for oligodendrocytes in mood regulation
Edgar, N. M., & Sibille, E. L. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.34 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationRadhu, N., de Jesus, D. R., Ravindran, L. N., Zanjani, A., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2013) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.01.014 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Premoli, I., Rivolta, D., Espenhahn, S., Castellanos, N. P., Belardinelli, P., Ziemann, U., & Müller‐Dahlhaus, F. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.028 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Glial Regulation of the Neuronal Connectome through Local and Long-Distant Communication
Fields, R. D., Woo, D. H., & Basser, P. J. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.014 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Somatostatin, neuronal vulnerability and behavioral emotionality
Lin, L., & Sibille, E. L. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.184 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationMaciąg, D., Hughes, J., O'Dwyer, G., Pride, Y., Stockmeier, C. A., Sanacora, G., & Rajkowska, G. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.027 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Spectrum of Activity of Lamotrigine in Treatment-Refractory Bipolar Disorder
Calabrese, J. R., Bowden, C. L., McElroy, S. L., Cookson, J., Andersen, J., Keck, P. E., Rhodes, L. J., Watson, C. B., Zhou, J. J., & Ascher, J. A. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.7.1019 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Hu, Y., Chen, X., Gu, H., & Yang, Y. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1973-13.2013 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Somatostatin Interneurons Control a Key Component of Mismatch Negativity in Mouse Visual Cortex
Hamm, J. P., & Yuste, R. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.037 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Dubin, M. J., Mao, X., Banerjee, S., Goodman, Z. T., Lapidus, K. A. B., Kang, G., Liston, C. M., & Shungu, D. C. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.150223 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Autoradiographic localization of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in rat brain
Sur, C., Fresu, L. G., Howell, O. W., McKernan, R. M., & Atack, J. R. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01152-x · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants Ketamine and Scopolamine
Wohleb, E. S., Gerhard, D. M., Thomas, A., & Duman, R. S. (2016) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160309114549 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
GABAergic Control of Depression-Related Brain States
Luscher, B., & Fuchs, T. (2015) · Advances in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2014.11.003 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway-specific gating
Yang, G. R., Murray, J. D., & Wang, X.-J. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12815 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Northoff, G., & Sibille, E. L. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.68 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationGABA interneurons mediate the rapid antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine
Wohleb, E. S., Wu, M., Gerhard, D. M., Taylor, S. R., Picciotto, M. R., Alreja, M., & Duman, R. S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci85033 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Benzodiazepines as antidepressants: Does GABA play a role in depression?
Petty, F., Trivedi, M. H., Fulton, M., & Rush, A. J. (1995) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00049-7 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Soumier, A., & Sibille, E. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.76 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) inhibits cortical dendrites
Murphy, S. C., Palmer, L. M., Nyffeler, T., Müri, R. M., & Larkum, M. E. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.13598 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
GABA in the insula — a predictor of the neural response to interoceptive awareness
Wiebking, C., Duncan, N. W., Tiret, B., Hayes, D. J., Marjańska, M., Doyon, J., Bajbouj, M., & Northoff, G. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.042 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Ali, A. B., & Thomson, A. M. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm160 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Asymmetric effects of activating and inactivating cortical interneurons
Phillips, E. A. K., & Hasenstaub, A. R. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.18383 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Neocortical Somatostatin Neurons Reversibly Silence Excitatory Transmission via GABAb Receptors
Urban‐Ciećko, J., Fanselow, E. E., & Barth, A. L. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.035 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Hasler, G., Neumeister, A., van der Veen, J. W. C., Tumonis, T., Bain, E., Shen, J., Drevets, W. C., & Charney, D. S. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.017 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Fischell, J., Van Dyke, A. M., Kvarta, M. D., LeGates, T. A., & Thompson, S. M. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.112 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Engin, E., Stellbrink, J., Treit, D., & Dickson, C. T. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.037 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid gamma-aminobutyric acid and homovanillic acid in depressive disorders.
Kasa, K., Otsuki, S., Yamamoto, M., Sato, M., Kuroda, H., & Ogawa, N. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Reduced brain somatostatin in mood disorders: a common pathophysiological substrate and drug target?
Lin, L., & Sibille, E. L. (2013) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2013.00110 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationRen, Z., Pribiag, H., Jefferson, S. J., Shorey, M., Fuchs, T., Stellwagen, D., & Luscher, B. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.009 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Sanacora, G., Fenton, L. R., Fasula, M. K., Rothman, D. L., Levin, Y., Krystal, J. H., & Mason, G. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.07.015 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Low plasma γ-aminobutyric acid levels in male patients with depression
Petty, F., Kramer, G. L., Gullion, C. M., & Rush, A. J. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90039-3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Rajkowska, G., Mahajan, G., Maciąg, D., Sathyanesan, M., Iyo, A. H., Moulana, M., Kyle, P. B., Woolverton, W. L., Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J., Stockmeier, C. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.010 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Reduced plasma and CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid in affective illness: effect of lithium carbonate.
Berrettini, W., Nürnberger, J. I., Hare, T. A., Simmons-Alling, S., Gershon, E. S., & Post, R. M. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Seney, M. L., Tripp, A. C., McCune, S., Lewis, D. A., & Sibille, E. L. (2014) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.005 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationVIP+ interneurons control neocortical activity across brain states
Jackson, J., Ayzenshtat, I., Karnani, M., & Yuste, R. (2016) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01124.2015 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Bjork, J. M., Moeller, F. G., Kramer, G. L., Kram, M., Surís, A., Rush, A. J., & Petty, F. (2001) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00220-7 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Bajbouj, M., Lang, U. E., Niehaus, L., Hellen, F., Heuser, I., & Neu, P. (2005) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.07.002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Somatostatinergic systems: an update on brain functions in normal and pathological aging
Martel, G., Dutar, P., Epelbaum, J., & Viollet, C. (2012) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00154 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Inhibitory Regulation of Dendritic Activity in vivo
Palmer, L. M., Murayama, M., & Larkum, M. E. (2012) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2012.00026 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Changes in motor cortex excitability with stimulation of anterior thalamus in epilepsy
Molnar, G. F., Sailer, A., Gunraj, C., Cunic, D. I., Wennberg, R., Lozano, A., & Chen, R. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000198254.08581.6b · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Anxiolytic and antidepressant actions of somatostatin: the role of sst2 and sst3 receptors
Engin, E., & Treit, D. (2009) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1605-5 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The effects of arousal on apical amplification and conscious state
Phillips, W. A., Larkum, M. E., Harley, C. W., & Silverstein, S. M. (2016) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niw015 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Piantadosi, S. C., French, B. J., Poe, M. M., Timić, T., Marković, B. D., Pabba, M., Seney, M. L., Oh, H., Orser, B. A., Savić, M. M., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00446 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationClonazepam as a therapeutic adjunct to improve the management of depression: a brief review
Morishita, S. (2009) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1015 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Ham, B., Sung, Y., Kim, N., Kim, S. J., Kim, J. E., Kim, D. J., Lee, J. Y., Kim, J. H., Yoon, S. J., & Lyoo, I. K. (2006) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.10.011 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Functional impact of interneuronal inhibition in the cerebral cortex of behaving animals
Merchant, H., de Lafuente, V., Peña‐Ortega, F., & Larriva-Sahd, J. A. (2012) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.005 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Anticipated brain molecular aging in major depression
Douillard-Guilloux, G., Guilloux, J.-P., Lewis, D. A., & Sibille, E. (2013) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.040 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationRoles of Hippocampal Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes in Stress Response and Emotionality
Prevot, T. D., Gastambide, F., Viollet, C., Henkous, N., Martel, G., Epelbaum, J., Béracochéa, D., & Guillou, J. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.281 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Response-dependent dynamics of cell-specific inhibition in cortical networks in vivo
El-Boustani, S., & Sur, M. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6689 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hasler, G., van der Veen, J. W., Geraci, M., Shen, J., Pine, D., & Drevets, W. C. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.023 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Robol, E., Fiaschi, A., & Manganotti, P. (2004) · Journal of Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2004.03.007 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Behlke, L. M., Foster, R. A., Liu, J., Benke, D., Benham, R. S., Nathanson, A. J., Yee, B. K., Zeilhofer, H. U., Engin, E., & Rudolph, U. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.49 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Wang, D.-S., Antonello Penna, S., & Orser, B. A. (2016) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000001483 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Biological substrates underpinning diagnosis of major depression
Sibille, E. L., & French, B. J. (2013) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145713000436 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationDouillard-Guilloux, G., Lewis, D., Seney, M. L., & Sibille, E. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22549 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationSteele, J. D., Glabus, M. F., Shajahan, P. M., et al. (2000) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799002032 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone reverses the depressive symptoms in mouse chronic mild stress
Zhang, M.-W., Zhang, S.-F., Li, Z.-H., & Han, F. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.035 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Dystrophy and myogenesis inmdx diaphragm muscle
Anderson, J. E., Garrett, K. L., Moor, A. N., McIntosh, L. M., & Penner, K. M. (1998) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199809)21:9 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Manganotti, P., Bortolomasi, M., Zanette, G., Pawelzik, T., Giacopuzzi, M., & Fiaschi, A. (2001) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00495-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Distinct Roles of SOM and VIP Interneurons during Cortical Up States
Neske, G. T., & Connors, B. W. (2016) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00052 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Wang, J., Jing, L., Toledo-Salas, J.-C., & Xu, L. (2014) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-014-1484-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The origin of neocortical nitric oxide synthase-expressing inhibitory neurons
Jaglin, X. H., Hjerling‐Leffler, J., Fishell, G., & Batista‐Brito, R. (2012) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2012.00044 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Yeung, M., Engin, E., & Treit, D. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2248-x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sibille, E. L. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationKirály, J., Premoli, I., Zipser, C. M., Belardinelli, P., Ziemann, U., & Müller‐Dahlhaus, F. (2015) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.114 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dubin, M. J., Mao, X., Gordon, R., et al. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.08.007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Király, J., Premoli, I., Zipser, C. M., Belardinelli, P., Ziemann, U., & Müller‐Dahlhaus, F. (2016) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.146 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Duman, R. S., Sanacora, G., & Krystal, J. H. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.013 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model
Price, R. B., & Duman, R. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0615-x · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Cortical GABAergic Dysfunction in Stress and Depression: New Insights for Therapeutic Interventions
Fogaça, M. V., & Duman, R. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00087 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Hare, B. D., & Duman, R. S. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0685-9 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Pham, T. H., & Gardier, A. M. (2019) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.017 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Banasr, M., Lepack, A., Fee, C., Duric, V., Maldonado-Aviles, J., DiLeone, R., Sibille, E., Duman, R. S., & Sanacora, G. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017720459 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationFogaça, M. V., Wu, M., Li, C., Li, X.-Y., Picciotto, M. R., & Duman, R. S. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00916-y · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Murthy, S., Kane, G. A., Katchur, N. J., Lara Mejia, P. S., Obiofuma, G., Buschman, T. J., McEwen, B. S., & Gould, E. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.021 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics
Tian, H., Hu, Z., Xu, J., & Wang, C. (2022) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.156 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Imaging transcriptomics of brain disorders
Arnatkeviciute, A., Fulcher, B. D., Bellgrove, M. A., & Fornito, A. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.10.002 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Ghosal, S., Duman, C. H., Liu, R.-J., Wu, M., Terwilliger, R., Girgenti, M. J., Wohleb, E., Fogaca, M. V., Teichman, E. M., Hare, B., et al. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104669 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Wellman, C. L., Bangasser, D. A., Bollinger, J. L., Coutellier, L., Logrip, M. L., Moench, K. M., & Urban, K. R. (2018) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1673-18.2018 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Neurobiology of the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine: impact and opportunities
Shinohara, R., Aghajanian, G. K., & Abdallah, C. G. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.12.006 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Newton, D. F., Oh, H., Shukla, R., Misquitta, K., Fee, C., Banasr, M., & Sibille, E. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.10.015 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, X.-Y., Ma, Z.-L., Storm, D. R., Cao, H., & Zhang, Y.-Q. (2021) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v11.i2.35 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Asch, R. H., Abdallah, C. G., Carson, R. E., & Esterlis, I. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01913-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wang, N., Zhu, S., Chen, S., Zou, J., Zeng, P., & Tan, S. (2025) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2024-0147 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fee, C., Banasr, M., & Sibille, E.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sibille, Etienne
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 549-559
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5610074
- OpenAlex
- W2622461305
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH077159)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- somatostatin interneurons, GABAergic interneurons, major depressive disorder, cortical microcircuits, excitation-inhibition balance, inhibitory dysfunction, pyramidal neurons, mood regulation, cognitive control, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Cerebral Cortex, Depression, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Humans, Interneurons, Nerve Net, Somatostatin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
