Reward-based spatial learning in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the functioning of mesolimbic and striatal areas involved in reward-based spatial learning in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: Functional MRI blood-oxygen-level-dependent response was compared in 33 unmedicated adults with OCD and 33 healthy, age-matched comparison subjects during a reward-based learning task that required learning to use extramaze cues to navigate a virtual eight-arm radial maze to find hidden rewards. The groups were compared in their patterns of brain activation associated with reward-based spatial learning versus a control condition in which rewards were unexpected because they were allotted pseudorandomly to experimentally prevent learning. RESULTS: Both groups learned to navigate the maze to find hidden rewards, but group differences in neural activity during navigation and reward processing were detected in mesolimbic and striatal areas. During navigation, the OCD group, unlike the healthy comparison group, exhibited activation in the left posterior hippocampus. Unlike healthy subjects, participants in the OCD group did not show activation in the left ventral putamen and amygdala when anticipating rewards or in the left hippocampus, amygdala, and ventral putamen when receiving unexpected rewards (control condition). Signal in these regions decreased relative to baseline during unexpected reward receipt among those in the OCD group, and the degree of activation was inversely associated with doubt/checking symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Participants in the OCD group displayed abnormal recruitment of mesolimbic and ventral striatal circuitry during reward-based spatial learning. Whereas healthy comparison subjects exhibited activation in this circuitry in response to the violation of reward expectations, unmedicated OCD participants did not and instead over-relied on the posterior hippocampus during learning. Thus, dopaminergic innervation of reward circuitry may be altered, and future study of anterior/posterior hippocampal dysfunction in OCD is warranted.
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When OCD patients view neutral faces or are anticipating rewards, amygdala is hypoactive compared to controls.
“Specifically, when OCD patients view neutral faces (Cannistraro et al., 2004; Britton et al., 2010) or are anticipating rewards (Marsh et al., 2015), amygdala is hypoactive compared to controls (but see Simon et al., 2014).”
From A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors (2015) · cites this paper as Marsh et al., 2015
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Basel, D., Asher, R., & Lazarov, A. (2025) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-025-10167-5
McDonald, M., Kohls, G., Henke, N., Wahl, H., Backhausen, L. L., Roessner, V., & Buse, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26720424
- Authors
- Marsh, R., Tau, G. Z., Wang, Z., Huo, Y., Liu, G., Hao, X., Packard, M. G., Peterson, B. S., & Simpson, H. B.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2015-04-01
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 383-392
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC4382407
- OpenAlex
- W2148460095
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 5.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02mh074677-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K02 MH-74677, K24MH091555, K01MH077652, R21MH093889, K02-MH-074677)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, mesolimbic reward circuitry, ventral striatum, posterior hippocampus, ventral putamen, amygdala, dopaminergic dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cues, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Putamen, Reward, Case-Control Studies, Neostriatum, Young Adult, Functional Neuroimaging, Spatial Learning
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