Prediction of anxiety and distress following diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a two-year longitudinal study
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the course of anxiety, depression and disease-related distress of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their partners in the first years after diagnosis. Methods: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale (IES) were completed at baseline, six-month, one-and two-year follow-up in 101 recently diagnosed patients and 78 partners. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was assessed annually. Results: Mean time since diagnosis at baseline was 7.8 (SD 6.5) months. Mean anxiety scores of patients and partners did not change during the two years of follow-up and remained higher than that observed in the general population at all assessments (P <0.05). The high levels of disease-related distress at baseline were lower at follow-up. Of the patients and partners with high anxiety scores at baseline (HADS anxiety ≥8), 69% also had high scores at any time during follow-up, compared to 26% in those with low baseline anxiety scores. For severe distress at follow-up, these percentages were 41 and 14%. The sensitivity and specificity of baseline anxiety screening for the prediction of high anxiety or distress scores at follow-up were 55 and 85%. Conclusion: MS patients and their partners continued to have high levels of anxiety and distress in the first years after diagnosis. Screening for anxiety after diagnosis can be used to predict levels of anxiety and distress during two-year follow-up.
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A high level of anxiety at diagnosis remains and even worsens in the following years if unnoticed or untreated.
“A high level of anxiety at diagnosis remains and even worsens in the following years if unnoticed or untreated.5”
From EMDR treatment for anxiety in MS patients: A pilot study (2020) · cites this paper as [5]
Depression and anxiety are common in individuals with MS and are at clinically high levels especially in the early stages of the illness.
“Depression and anxiety have been found to be common in individuals with MS and have been reported to be at clinically high levels especially in the early stages of the illness [2–4].”
Up to 36% of MS patients continue to have high levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the first years after diagnosis.
“Two studies suggest that up to 36% of MS patients continue to have high levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the first years after diagnosis [3, 11].”
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- Authors
- Janssens, A. C., Buljevac, D., van Doorn, P. A., van der Meché, F. G., Polman, C. H., Passchier, J., & Hintzen, R. Q.
- Affiliations
- Department of Public Health, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Department of Neurology, Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Multiple Sclerosis Journal
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 794-801
- ISSN
- 1352-4585 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-0970
- OpenAlex
- W2162191903
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Multiple Sclerosis Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, anxiety, depression, partners of patients, anxiety screening, longitudinal course, disability progression, psychosocial impact
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Affective Symptoms, Anxiety, Depression, Disability Evaluation, Family Health, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Comorbidity, Spouses
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