Internet Research in Psychology

Gosling, Samuel D.; Mason, Winter

doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015321

Cited by 458Survey Methodology and NonresponseFocus Groups and Qualitative MethodsMobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing

Internet Research in Psychology

Gosling, Samuel D., Mason, Winter·2015·Annual Review of Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015321

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Today the Internet plays a role in the lives of nearly 40% of the world's population, and it is becoming increasingly entwined in daily life. This growing presence is transforming psychological science in terms of the topics studied and the methods used. We provide an overview of the literature, considering three broad domains of research: translational (implementing traditional methods online; e.g., surveys), phenomenological (topics spawned or mediated by the Internet; e.g., cyberbullying), and novel (new ways to study existing topics; e.g., rumors). We discuss issues (e.g., sampling, ethics) that arise when doing research online and point to emerging opportunities (e.g., smartphone sensing). Psychological research on the Internet comes with new challenges, but the opportunities far outweigh the costs. By integrating the Internet, psychological research has the ability to reach large, diverse samples and collect data on actual behaviors, which will ultimately increase the impact of psychological research on society.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015321

Cites

137 of 137 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Diffusion of Innovations 1
Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203710753-35 · Cited by 37,557 · see citing works
Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-2454 · Cited by 28,717 · see citing works
Untitled work
Putnam, R. (2000) · doi:10.1145/358916.361990 · Cited by 17,114 · see citing works
The weirdest people in the world?
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0999152x · Cited by 12,641 · see citing works
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 11,720 · see citing works
Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data?
Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610393980 · Cited by 9,996 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 9,210 · see citing works
Diffusion of Innovations
Stanton, B. F., & Rogers, E. M. (1963) · Journal of Farm Economics · doi:10.2307/1235767 · Cited by 6,725 · see citing works
Social Influence: Compliance and Conformity
Cialdini, R. B., & Goldstein, N. J. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015 · Cited by 6,077 · see citing works
Evaluating collaborative filtering recommender systems
Herlocker, J. L., Konstan, J. A., Terveen, L. G., & Riedl, J. T. (2004) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/963770.963772 · Cited by 5,798 · see citing works
Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder
YOUNG, K. S. (1998) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237 · Cited by 5,513 · see citing works
The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years
Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa066082 · Cited by 5,007 · see citing works
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R. E., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V. A., Kiesler, S. B., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. L. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,830 · see citing works
A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment.
Deutsch, M., & Gerard, H. B. (1955) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046408 · Cited by 4,819 · see citing works
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,793 · see citing works
Alone together: why we expect more from technology and less from each other
Fernández Pedemonte, D. (2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-7239 · Cited by 4,606 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2011) · Cited by 4,430 · see citing works
WEIRD languages have misled us, too
Majid, A., & Levinson, S. C. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x1000018x · Cited by 4,169 · see citing works
Running experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk
Paolacci, G., Chandler, J., & Ipeirotis, P. G. (2010) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/s1930297500002205 · Cited by 3,767 · see citing works
Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data.
Yarkoni, T., Poldrack, R. A., Nichols, T. E., Van Essen, D. C., & Wager, T. D. (2011) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1635 · Cited by 3,686 · see citing works
Attitudes and cognitive organization
Heider, F. (1946) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1946.9917275 · Cited by 3,672 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x · Cited by 3,639 · see citing works
Instructional manipulation checks: Detecting satisficing to increase statistical power
Oppenheimer, D. M., Meyvis, T., & Davidenko, N. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.009 · Cited by 3,493 · see citing works
Bullying in the digital age: a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035618 · Cited by 3,266 · see citing works
Conducting behavioral research on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk
Mason, W., & Suri, S. (2012) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0124-6 · Cited by 3,172 · see citing works
Self-citation
A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use
Davis, R. A. (2001) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(00)00041-8 · Cited by 3,010 · see citing works
Should We Trust Web-Based Studies? A Comparative Analysis of Six Preconceptions About Internet Questionnaires.
Gosling, S. D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O. P. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.2.93 · Cited by 2,932 · see citing works
Self-citation
Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior
Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., & Graepel, T. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1218772110 · Cited by 2,829 · see citing works
Psychological Aspects of Natural Language Use: Our Words, Our Selves
Pennebaker, J. W., Mehl, M. R., & Niederhoffer, K. G. (2003) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145041 · Cited by 2,624 · see citing works
The political blogosphere and the 2004 U.S. election: divided they blog
Adamic, L. A., & Glance, N. (2005) · Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Link discovery · doi:10.1145/1134271.1134277 · Cited by 2,619 · see citing works
A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization
Bond, R. M., Fariss, C. J., Jones, J. J., Kramer, A. D. I., Marlow, C., Settle, J. E., & Fowler, J. H. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11421 · Cited by 2,575 · see citing works
Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization
Tokunaga, R. S. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014 · Cited by 2,566 · see citing works
Structural balance: a generalization of Heider's theory.
Cartwright, D., & Harary, F. (1956) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046049 · Cited by 2,529 · see citing works
Internet Paradox Revisited
Kraut, R. E., Kiesler, S. B., Boneva, B. S., Cummings, J. N., Helgeson, V. S., & Crawford, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00248 · Cited by 2,254 · see citing works
College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view of human nature.
Sears, D. O. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.515 · Cited by 2,138 · see citing works
Handbook of research methods for studying daily life
Mehl, M. R., Conner, T. S., & Csíkszentmihályi, M. (2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-1159 · Cited by 2,121 · see citing works
Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network: longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study
Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2338 · Cited by 1,990 · see citing works
Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media Use
Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S. (2009) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x · Cited by 1,940 · see citing works
Complex Contagions and the Weakness of Long Ties
Centola, D., & Macy, M. (2007) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/521848 · Cited by 1,878 · see citing works
Evaluating amazon’s mechanical turk as a tool for experimental behavioral research
Crump, M. J. C., McDonnell, J. V., & Gureckis, T. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057410 · Cited by 1,617 · see citing works
The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon
van Dijk, J., & Hacker, K. (2003) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972240309487 · Cited by 1,616 · see citing works
Predicting Depression via Social Media
Choudhury, M. D., Gamon, M., Counts, S., & Horvitz, E. (2021) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v7i1.14432 · Cited by 1,583 · see citing works
Meme-tracking and the dynamics of the news cycle
Leskovec, J., Bäckström, L., & Kleinberg, J. M. (2009) · ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/1557019.1557077 · Cited by 1,567 · see citing works
Plan 9 From Cyberspace: The Implications of the Internet for Personality and Social Psychology
McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0401_6 · Cited by 1,507 · see citing works
Predicting positive and negative links in online social networks
Leskovec, J., Huttenlocher, D. P., & Kleinberg, J. M. (2010) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/1772690.1772756 · Cited by 1,490 · see citing works
Propagation of trust and distrust
Guha, R., Kumar, R., Raghavan, P., & Tomkins, A. (2004) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/988672.988727 · Cited by 1,467 · see citing works
Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square
Tufekci, Z., & Wilson, C. (2012) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x · Cited by 1,411 · see citing works
Extending the school grounds?—Bullying experiences in cyberspace
Juvonen, J., & Gross, E. F. (2008) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00335.x · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction
Block, J. J. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07101556 · Cited by 1,385 · see citing works
Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018 · Cited by 1,295 · see citing works
A Review of Facebook Research in the Social Sciences
Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612442904 · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works
Self-citation
Facebook Profiles Reflect Actual Personality, Not Self-Idealization
Back, M. D., Stopfer, J. M., Vazire, S., Gaddis, S., Schmukle, S. C., Egloff, B., & Gosling, S. D. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797609360756 · Cited by 1,169 · see citing works
Self-citation
Being accurate is not enough
McNee, S. M., Riedl, J., & Konstan, J. A. (2006) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/1125451.1125659 · Cited by 1,076 · see citing works
Echo chambers online?: Politically motivated selective exposure among Internet news users
Garrett, R. K. (2009) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01440.x · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Political Polarization on Twitter
Conover, M., Ratkiewicz, J., Francisco, M., et al. (2011) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.4589065 · Cited by 1,005 · see citing works
Twitter under crisis: can we trust what we RT?
Mendoza, M., Poblete, B., & Castillo, C. (2010) · Proceedings of the First Workshop on Social Media Analytics · doi:10.1145/1964858.1964869 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Nonnaïveté among Amazon Mechanical Turk workers: Consequences and solutions for behavioral researchers
Chandler, J., Mueller, P., & Paolacci, G. (2014) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0365-7 · Cited by 950 · see citing works
Psychological Research Online: Report of Board of Scientific Affairs' Advisory Group on the Conduct of Research on the Internet.
Kraut, R. E., Olson, J., Banaji, M. R., Bruckman, A. S., Cohen, J., & Couper, M. P. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.2.105 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Alone in the crowd: The structure and spread of loneliness in a large social network.
Cacioppo, J. T., Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016076 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Linguistic Markers of Psychological Change Surrounding September 11, 2001
Cohn, M. A., Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2004) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00741.x · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Creating Social Contagion Through Viral Product Design: A Randomized Trial of Peer Influence in Networks
Aral, S., & Walker, D. (2011) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1110.1421 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other
Cheung, J. C.-S. (2013) · Journal of Social Work Practice · doi:10.1080/02650533.2013.769209 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Loneliness and social uses of the Internet
Morahan-Martin, J. M., & Schumacher, P. A. (2003) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(03)00040-2 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Psychosocial Risk Factors Associated With Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A Population-Based Study
Sourander, A., Brunstein Klomek, A., Ikonen, M., Lindroos, J., Luntamo, T., Koskelainen, M., Ristkari, T., & Helenius, H. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Internet addiction, usage, gratification, and pleasure experience: the Taiwan college students’ case
Chou, C., & Hsiao, M.-C. (2000) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/s0360-1315(00)00019-1 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Clicks, Cabs, and Coffee Houses: Social Media and Oppositional Movements in Egypt, 2004-2011
Lim, M. (2012) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01628.x · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Beyond accuracy
Ge, M., Delgado-Battenfeld, C., & Jannach, D. (2010) · ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys) · doi:10.1145/1864708.1864761 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Deindividuation and antinormative behavior: a meta-analysis
Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.123.3.238 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Personality in 100,000 Words: A large-scale analysis of personality and word use among bloggers
Yarkoni, T. (2010) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.04.001 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Political Polarization on Twitter
Conover, M., Ratkiewicz, J., Francisco, M., Goncalves, B., Menczer, F., & Flammini, A. (2021) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14126 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
The Smartphone Psychology Manifesto
Miller, G. F. (2012) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612441215 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Ascertaining the validity of individual protocols from Web-based personality inventories
Johnson, J. A. (2004) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.09.009 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Comparing Data Characteristics and Results of an Online Factorial Survey between a Population-Based and a Crowdsource-Recruited Sample
Weinberg, J. D., Jeremy Freese, A., & McElhattan, D. (2014) · Sociological Science · doi:10.15195/v1.a19 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
A Theory of the Emergence, Persistence, and Expression of Geographic Variation in Psychological Characteristics
Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00084.x · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Self-citation
Disclosure of traumas and psychosomatic processes
Pennebaker, J. W., & Susman, J. R. (1988) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90397-8 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Who drives divergence? Identity signaling, outgroup dissimilarity, and the abandonment of cultural tastes.
Berger, J., & Heath, C. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.593 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Rumor psychology: Social and organizational approaches.
DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. (2007) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11503-000 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Loneliness and Internet use
Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2003) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(02)00014-6 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
EmotionSense
Rachuri, K. K., Musolesi, M., Cecilia Mascolo, C., Rentfrow, P. J., Longworth, C., & Auçinas, A. (2010) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/1864349.1864393 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Detecting Emotional Contagion in Massive Social Networks
Coviello, L., Sohn, Y., Kramer, A. D. I., Marlow, C. A., Franceschetti, M., Christakis, N., & Fowler, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090315 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Social media as a measurement tool of depression in populations
De Choudhury, M., Counts, S., & Horvitz, E. (2013) · Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM Web Science Conference · doi:10.1145/2464464.2464480 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
The Social Media Basis of Youth Protest Behavior: The Case of Chile
Valenzuela, S., Arriagada, A., & Scherman, A. (2012) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01635.x · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Internet Addiction: Metasynthesis of 1996–2006 Quantitative Research
Byun, S., Ruffini, C., Mills, J. E., Douglas, A. C., Niang, M., Stepchenkova, S. O., Lee, S. K., Loutfi, J., Lee, J.-K., Atallah, M., et al. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0102 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Net-Generation Attributes and Seductive Properties of the Internet as Predictors of Online Activities and Internet Addiction
Leung, L. W. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/1094931041291303 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Personality Maturation Around the World
Bleidorn, W., Klimstra, T. A., Denissen, J. J. A., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613498396 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Self-citation
The structure of online diffusion networks
Goel, S., Watts, D. J., & Goldstein, D. G. (2012) · ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC) · doi:10.1145/2229012.2229058 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Assessing respondent-driven sampling
Goel, S., & Salganik, M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000261107 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Rumor Cascades
Friggeri, A., Adamic, L., Eckles, D., & Cheng, J. (2014) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14559 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
The cognitive consequences of secrecy.
Lane, J. D., & Wegner, D. M. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.2.237 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Situating social influence processes: Dynamic, multidirectional flows of influence within social networks
Mason, W. A., Conrey, F. R., & Smith, E. R. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868307301032 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citation
You are what you tweet: Personality expression and perception on Twitter
Qiu, L., Lin, H. Y., Ramsay, J. E., & Yang, F. (2012) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.08.008 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Profile as promise: A framework for conceptualizing veracity in online dating self-presentations
Ellison, N. B., Hancock, J. T., & Toma, C. L. (2012) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444811410395 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Social desirability is the same in offline, online, and paper surveys: A meta-analysis
Dodou, D., & de Winter, J. C. F. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.005 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Maintaining Cultural Stereotypes in the Serial Reproduction of Narratives
Kashima, Y. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167200267007 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
College Life On-Line: Healthy and Unhealthy Internet Use.
Scherer, K. (1997) · Journal of college student development · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Studying Hate Crime with the Internet: What Makes Racists Advocate Racial Violence?
Glaser, J., Dixit, J., & GREEN, D. P. (2002) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00255 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
The Internet as Psychological Laboratory
Skitka, L. J., & Sargis, E. G. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190048 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Problem Solving in Social Interactions on the Internet: Rumor As Social Cognition
Bordia, P., & DiFonzo, N. (2004) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/019027250406700105 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Managing Impressions and Relationships on Facebook
Bazarova, N. N., Taft, J. G., Choi, Y. H., & Cosley, D. (2012) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x12456384 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
CenceMe – Injecting Sensing Presence into Social Networking Applications
Miluzzo, E., Lane, N. D., Eisenman, S. B., & Campbell, A. T. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75696-5_1 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Smartphones for Large-Scale Behavior Change Interventions
Lathia, N., Pejović, V., Rachuri, K. K., Cecilia Mascolo, C., Musolesi, M., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2013) · IEEE Pervasive Computing · doi:10.1109/mprv.2013.56 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Psychology of rumor reconsidered.
Rosnow, R. L. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.87.3.578 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The spread of evidence-poor medicine via flawed social-network analysis
Lyons, R. (2011) · Statistics, Politics, and Policy · doi:10.2202/2151-7509.1024 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Governance in Social Media: A Case Study of the Wikipedia Promotion Process
Leskovec, J., Huttenlocher, D. P., & Kleinberg, J. M. (2010) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v4i1.14013 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The Implications of Stigma and Anonymity for Self-Disclosure in Health Blogs
Rains, S. A. (2013) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2012.714861 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
On being liked on the web and in the “real world”: Consistency in first impressions across personal webpages and spontaneous behavior
Max Weisbuch, A., Ivčević, Z., & Ambady, N. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.12.009 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Wired but not WEIRD: The promise of the Internet in reaching more diverse samples
Gosling, S. D., Sandy, C. J., John, O. P., & Potter, J. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x10000300 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citation
Personality Profiles Associated with Different Motivations for Playing World of Warcraft
Graham, L. T., & Gosling, S. D. (2013) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0090 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychoinformatics
Yarkoni, T. (2012) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721412457362 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The Emotional Timeline of September 11, 2001
Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C. P., & Egloff, B. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610382124 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Advanced methods for conducting online behavioral research.
Gosling, S., & Johnson, J. A. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12076-000 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social Psychological Methods Outside the Laboratory
Reis, H. T., & Gosling, S. D. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001003 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citation
Tweetin' in the Rain: Exploring Societal-Scale Effects of Weather on Mood
Hannák, A., Anderson, E., Barrett, L. F., Lehmann, S., Mislove, A. E., & Riedewald, M. (2021) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v6i1.14322 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Happy Tweets
Ritter, R. S., Preston, J. L., & Hernandez, I. A. (2013) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550613492345 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Transmission of attitude relevant information through a communication chain.
Manis, M., Cornell, S. D., & Moore, J. C. (1974) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0036639 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The Emergence of Conventions in Online Social Networks
Kooti, F., Yang, H., Cha, M., Gummadi, K., & Mason, W. (2021) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v6i1.14267 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Integrative Approach to Personality Research in Anthrozoology: Ratings of Six Species of Pets and their Owners
Gosling, S. D., & Bonnenburg, A. V. (1998) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.2752/089279398787000661 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citation
Sleep, sex, and the Web: Surveying the difficult-to-reach clinical population suffering from sexsomnia
Mangan, M. A., & Reips, U. (2007) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03193152 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Reliability of self-report: paper versus online administration
Luce, K. H., Winzelberg, A. J., Das, S., Osborne, M. I., Bryson, S. W., & Taylor, C. B. (2005) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.12.008 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Predicting emerging social conventions in online social networks
Kooti, F., Mason, W., Gummadi, K. P., & Cha, M. (2012) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/2396761.2396820 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
Using lotteries, loyalty points, and other incentives to increase participant response and completion.
Göritz, A. S. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12076-014 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The digital divide as a complex and dynamic phenomenon.
Johannes, A. G. M. (2000) · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Language Use in Eating Disorder Blogs
Wolf, M., Theis, F., & Kordy, H. (2013) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x12474278 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Recruitment for Online Access Panels
Gritz, A. S. (2004) · International Journal of Market Research · doi:10.1177/147078530404600406 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
A New Approach for Assessing Sleep Duration and Postures from Ambulatory Accelerometry
Wrzus, C., Brandmaier, A. M., von Oertzen, T., Müller, V., Wagner, G. G., & Riediger, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048089 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Psychology of Rumour
Hart, B. (1916) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591571600901801 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Automatic or the People?”
Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C. P., & Egloff, B. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611409592 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Person perception by active versus passive perceivers
Waggoner, A. S., Smith, E. R., & Collins, E. C. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.04.026 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ethical issues in psychological research on the Internet.
Buchanan, T., & Williams, J. E. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12076-016 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Automation Can Lead to Confounds in Text Analysis
Pury, C. L. S. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611408735 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Design and formatting in Internet-based research.
Reips, U. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12076-003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Language use in an internet support group for smoking cessation: development of sense of community
Vambheim, S. M., Wangberg, S. C., Johnsen, J.-A. K., & Wynn, R. (2012) · Informatics for Health and Social Care · doi:10.3109/17538157.2012.710685 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Transmission of Rumor and Criticism in Twitter after the Great Japan EarthquakePreprint
Tanaka, Y., Sakamoto, Y., & Matsuka, T. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Web-based self-report personality scales.
Johnson, J. A. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12076-010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Work Values of Black, Unwed Adolescent Parents
Hansford, S. G., & Drummond, R. J. (1992) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1992.70.1.179 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Tracking Secret-Keeping in Emails
Tausczik, Y., Chung, C. K., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2021) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v10i1.14740 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Emergence of Conventions.
Hawkins, R. D., Goodman, N. D., Fehér, O., et al. (2016) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Conducting Clinical Research Using Crowdsourced Convenience Samples
Chandler, J., & Shapiro, D. (2016) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093623 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
Online panels in social science research: Expanding sampling methods beyond Mechanical Turk
Chandler, J., Rosenzweig, C., Moss, A. J., Robinson, J., & Litman, L. (2019) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-019-01273-7 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Using Smartphones to Collect Behavioral Data in Psychological Science: Opportunities, Practical Considerations, and Challenges
Harari, G. M., Lane, N. D., Wang, R., Crosier, B. S., Campbell, A. T., & Gosling, S. D. (2016) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616650285 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social Media Elements, Ecologies, and Effects
Bayer, J. B., Triệu, P., & Ellison, N. B. (2020) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050944 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
The neurobiology of emotionâ€“cognition interactions: fundamental questions and strategies for future research
Okon-Singer, H., Hendler, T., Pessoa, L., & Shackman, A. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00058 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Conducting perception research over the internet: A tutorial review
Woods, A. T., Velasco, C., Levitan, C. A., Wan, X., & Spence, C. (2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1058 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Toward a personalized science of emotion regulation
Doré, B. P., Silvers, J. A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2016) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12240 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
“Using a combination of behavioral and neuroimaging approaches, Jennifer Silvers’ research focuses on how cognitive strategies and social inf luences regulate emotion across the lifespan.”
Effects of Explainable Artificial Intelligence on trust and human behavior in a high-risk decision task
Leichtmann, B., Humer, C., Hinterreiter, A., Streit, M., & Mara, M. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107539 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Using online, crowdsourcing platforms for data collection in personality disorder research: the example of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk
Miller, J. D., Crowe, M., Weiss, B., Maples-Keller, J. L., & Lynam, D. R. (2017) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000191 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The quality of data collected online: An investigation of careless responding in a crowdsourced sample
Brühlmann, F., Petralito, S., Aeschbach, L. F., & Opwis, K. (2020) · Methods in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.metip.2020.100022 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Social networking sites addiction and FoMO: The mediating role of envy and the moderating role of need to belong
Yin, L., Wang, P., Nie, J., Guo, J., Feng, J., & Lei, L. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00344-4 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Helping Others Regulate Emotion Predicts Increased Regulation of One’s Own Emotions and Decreased Symptoms of Depression
Doré, B. P., Morris, R. R., Burr, D. A., Picard, R. W., & Ochsner, K. N. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167217695558 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Mobile Phone Apps for Quality of Life and Well-Being Assessment in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients: Systematic Review
Rincon, E., Monteiro-Guerra, F., Rivera-Romero, O., Dorronzoro-Zubiete, E., Sanchez-Bocanegra, C. L., & Gabarron, E. (2017) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.8741 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The role of craving in emotional and uncontrolled eating
Verzijl, C. L., Ahlich, E., Schlauch, R. C., & Rancourt, D. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.014 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Understanding Mental Health Professionals’ Perspectives and Practices Regarding the Implementation of Digital Mental Health: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Mendes-Santos, C., Nunes, F., Weiderpass, E., Santana, R., & Andersson, G. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.32558 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Brief Report: Emotion Regulation Influences on Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Across the Normative-Clinical Continuum
Cai, R. Y., Hardan, A. Y., Phillips, J. M., Frazier, T. W., & Uljarević, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.693570 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Web-based independent versus laboratory-based stop-signal task performance: within-subjects counterbalanced comparison study
Poulton, A., Chen, L. P. E., Dali, G., Fox, M., & Hester, R. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/32922 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Web-based survey–based psychological assessment has been recognized as a cost-effective, efficient, and psychometrically sound means of recruiting large, diverse samples [26,28,44-48].”
Background
When was your earliest dream? Association of very early dream recall with frequent current nightmares supports a stress-acceleration explanation of nightmares
Nielsen, T. (2017) · Dreaming · doi:10.1037/drm0000051 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Authors: Gosling, S. D., & Mason, W.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Stevens Institute of Technology (US)
ORCID: Gosling, Samuel D.
Mason, Winter
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2015-01-03
Volume: 66
Issue: 1
Pages: 877-902
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015321
OpenAlex: W2141009959
Cited by: 458
References: 137
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 15
FWCI: 10.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
Keywords: internet research methods, online surveys, cyberbullying, rumors, sampling issues, research ethics, smartphone sensing
MeSH terms: Humans, Psychology, Internet, Behavioral Research

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Internet Research in Psychology

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks