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Developing Mechanisms of Self-Regulation in Early Life
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Children show increasing control of emotions and behavior during their early years. Our studies suggest a shift in control from the brain’s orienting network in infancy to the executive network by the age of 3—4 years. Our longitudinal study indicates that orienting influences both positive and negative affect, as measured by parent report in infancy. At 3—4 years of age, the dominant control of affect rests in a frontal brain network that involves the anterior cingulate gyrus. Connectivity of brain structures also changes from infancy to toddlerhood. Early connectivity of parietal and frontal areas is important in orienting; later connectivity involves midfrontal and anterior cingulate areas related to executive attention and self-regulation.
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“Moreover, the inverse correlation between the dorsal attention network and the default-mode network, interpreted by most as a sign of ‘competition’ between the processing of external and internal events in the mature brain106, also emerges during the first year of life112.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [106]
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“The use of attentional control to regulate emotions is thought to be supported by the system related to attentional selectivity (i.e., orienting network) in the early years, and relying on the developing EAN later on (Rothbart et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNakagawa, A., & Sukigara, M. (2012) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-8-40 · Cited by 55
“[23] mentioned that younger infants present relatively undifferentiated distress, but later it is possible to differentiate anger/frustration from fear.”
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“It is an umbrella term that encompasses elements such as emotional reactivity and effortful control and can be applied to modulate reactions of different domains such as cognitive/attentional regulation, emotional regulation, and behavioral regulation (Posner & Rothbart, 2000; Rothbart et al., 2011).”
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“Throughout development, the child gradually shifts from complete reliance on parental regulation to regulating her own emotions (Mangelsdorf et al. 1995; Rothbart et al. 2011).”
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The developmental neuropsychology of executive functions
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“While some work has begun to dig into the basic mechanisms underlying the seeming success of ABM [Rothbart et al., 2011; Shechner et al., 2012], it is crucial to further explore the psychological and biological mechanism in-”
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“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript Putnam, & Rothbart, 2012; Parade & Leerkes, 2008; Rothbart, 2011).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rothbart, M. K., Sheese, B. E., Rueda, M. R., & Posner, M. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Oregon (US)
- Illinois Wesleyan University (US)
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Rothbart, Mary K.
- Venue
- Emotion Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 207-213
- ISSN
- 1754-0739 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-0747
- PMC
- PMC3164871
- OpenAlex
- W2014863700
- Semantic Scholar
- 51f0fc5d25fde313cc4e2e13d5557cffe6e53ff6
- Cited by
- 538
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 12.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Emotion Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD038051, P01HD060563)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- self-regulation, emotion regulation, executive function, orienting network, executive network, anterior cingulate cortex, brain connectivity, infancy, toddlerhood, positive and negative affect, frontoparietal network
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