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Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases
Open accessAbstract
More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family of ligands and receptors is primarily associated with acute and chronic inflammation. The cytosolic segment of each IL-1 receptor family member contains the Toll-IL-1-receptor domain. This domain is also present in each Toll-like receptor, the receptors that respond to microbial products and viruses. Since Toll-IL-1-receptor domains are functional for both receptor families, responses to the IL-1 family are fundamental to innate immunity. Of the 11 members of the IL-1 family, IL-1β has emerged as a therapeutic target for an expanding number of systemic and local inflammatory conditions called autoinflammatory diseases. For these, neutralization of IL-1β results in a rapid and sustained reduction in disease severity. Treatment for autoimmune diseases often includes immunosuppressive drugs whereas neutralization of IL-1β is mostly anti-inflammatory. Although some autoinflammatory diseases are due to gain-of-function mutations for caspase-1 activity, common diseases such as gout, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, recurrent pericarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, and smoldering myeloma also are responsive to IL-1β neutralization. This review summarizes acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that are treated by reducing IL-1β activity and proposes that disease severity is affected by the anti-inflammatory members of the IL-1 family of ligands and receptors.
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“mitochondria are involved both in the recognition of pathogens and in many mechanisms of inflammatory response, inducing the subsequent recruitment of several proinflammatory cytokines [52].”
From Effects of Mangiferin on LPS-Induced Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Adsorption in Human Lung Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [52]
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“IL-1β is produced in response to a wide range of physiological insults, and IL-1 signaling is closely linked to a wide variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, where it plays a critical role in the activation of inflammatory myelopoiesis (Ueda et al., 2009; Dinarello, 2011; Mirantes et al., 2014; Pietras, 2017).”
From PU.1 is required to restrain myelopoiesis during chronic inflammatory stress (2023) · cites this paper as Dinarello, 2011
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Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family
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Pasin, L., Cavalli, G., Navalesi, P., Sella, N., Landoni, G., Yavorovskiy, A. G., Likhvantsev, V. V., Zangrillo, A., Dagna, L., & Monti, G. (2021) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.01.016 · Cited by 92
“[2,3,5] Inflammatory responses to lung damage are centrally mediated by IL-1α and IL‐1β: these two cytokines have different, non-redundant pro-inflammatory functions, as IL-1α is released by damaged epithelial and endothelial tissues and triggers inflammation, whereas IL‐1β is produced by infiltrating myeloid cells an…”
Bacteria and Host Interplay in Staphylococcus aureus Septic Arthritis and Sepsis
Jin, T., Mohammad, M., Pullerits, R., & Ali, A. M. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10020158 · Cited by 81
“It plays an important role in pain, inflammation, and cartilage degradation in several inflammatory diseases [131].”
BackgroundSun, W., Ma, J., Zhao, H., Xiao, C., Zhong, H., Ling, H., Xie, Z., Tian, Q., Chen, H., Zhang, T., et al. (2020) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13075-020-2133-2 · Cited by 83
A review on gout: Looking back and looking ahead
Tao, H., Mo, Y., Liu, W., & Wang, H. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109977 · Cited by 77
Malcová, H., Strizova, Z. O., Milota, T., Střı́ž, I., Šedivá, A., Cebecauerová, D., & Horváth, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.619257 · Cited by 73
“Nevertheless, the inflammatory properties of the IL-1 family dominate in the innate immune responses and the identification of strong IL-1 involvement in the pathogenesis of monogenic AIDs has revealed a great potential of IL-1 inhibitors in the treatment of these uncommon disorders (13)”
BackgroundThe mechanisms and functions of IL-1β in intervertebral disc degeneration
Li, H., Wang, X., Pan, H., Xiao, C., Wang, C., Guo, S., Long, L., Shi, H., Chen, H., & Li, S. (2023) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112181 · Cited by 67
“…the IDD inflammatory responses (Risbud and Shapiro, 2014) and has highly potent pro-inflammatory activity by stimulating the production of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (Zayed et al., 2008; Dinarello, 2009b; Dinarello, 2011).”
BackgroundQian, Y., Wang, X., Ren, J., Wang, J., Limbu, S., Li, R., Zhou, W., Qiao, F., Zhang, M.-L., & Du, Z.-Y. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736896 · Cited by 67
Pharmacological Modulation of Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction
Zhao, W., Zhao, J., & Rong, J. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/8815349 · Cited by 78
“Anti-inflammatory agents Resistance to an excessive inflammatory response Clinical [106, 107, 110, 115]”
BackgroundThe Mechanisms and Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy for Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review
Zhang, R., & Qu, J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241814293 · Cited by 62
“Knockdown of the IL-1 β gene expression significantly reduces the inflammatory response in some autoimmune diseases like RA [75].”
Han, H., Xing, J., Chen, W., Jia, J., & Li, Q. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36625-7 · Cited by 73
How the redox state regulates immunity
Mullen, L., Mengozzi, M., Hanschmann, E.-M., Alberts, B. M., & Ghezzi, P. (2019) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.022 · Cited by 66
“With the discovery of inflammatory cytokines in the 1980s [10, 11] and the success of the cytokine theory of disease with the approval of anti-TNF antibodies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease, it was only natural that researchers investigated the effect of antioxidants and oxidants on cytok…”
BackgroundAntibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Ji, E., & Lee, S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22115770 · Cited by 77
“This result is likely due to the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by the activation of immune cells and the increase in the expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells [84,85].”
BackgroundSplicing Factor SRSF1 Promotes Pancreatitis and KRASG12D-Mediated Pancreatic Cancer
Wan, L., Lin, K., Rahman, M. A., Ishigami, Y., Wang, Z., Jensen, M. A., Wilkinson, J. E., Park, Y., Tuveson, D. A., & Krainer, A. R. (2023) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1013 · Cited by 72
Ragino, Y. I., Stakhneva, E. M., Polonskaya, Y. V., & Kashtanova, E. V. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10030374 · Cited by 70
“Caspase 1 also participates in the secretion of active IL-1, which can then bind to a membrane receptor of IL-1 on the same cell, on a neighboring cell, or on target cells [60].”
BackgroundLuís, J. P., Simões, C. J. V., & Brito, R. M. M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031731 · Cited by 74
Timmons, G. A., Carroll, R. G., O’Siorain, J. R., Cervantes‐Silva, M. P., Fagan, L. E., Cox, S. L., Pålsson‐McDermott, E. M., Finlay, D. K., Vincent, E. E., Jones, N., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.700431 · Cited by 76
“IL-1b is central to the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, gout, and a vast range of autoimmune conditions (46).”
BackgroundLiu, K., Xie, L., Deng, M., Zhang, X., Luo, J., & Li, X. (2021) · Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13020-021-00457-8 · Cited by 61
“Interleukin (IL)-1 initiates and controls the inflammatory response [50].”
BackgroundNLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases: Pathophysiological and pharmacological implications
Pellegrini, C., Martelli, A., Antonioli, L., Fornai, M., Blandizzi, C., & Calderone, V. (2021) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21781 · Cited by 67
Muri, J., Wolleb, H., Brož, P., Carreira, E. M., & Köpf, M. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101647 · Cited by 65
“Therefore, although IL-1β is a critical player in several inflammatory diseases [59] and itaconate could be used as a potential therapeutic compound, more”
BackgroundZhang, H., Wei, M., Lu, X., Sun, Q., Wang, C., Zhang, J., & Fan, H. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136942 · Cited by 59
Mitsis, A., Kadoglou, N. P. E., Lambadiari, V., Alexiou, S., Theodoropoulos, K. C., Avraamides, P., & Kassimis, G. (2022) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155848 · Cited by 73
Adult-Onset Still’s Disease—A Complex Disease, a Challenging Treatment
Macovei, L. A., Burlui, A., Bratoiu, I., Rezuș, C., Cardoneanu, A., Richter, P., Szalontay, A. S., & Rezuş, E. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232112810 · Cited by 62
“Anakinra is a non-glycosylated version of the human IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), which binds to the IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI) and inhibits the activation of this receptor by IL-1α or IL-1β [44].”
BackgroundStructural Evolution of TIR-Domain Signalosomes
Nimma, S., Gu, W., Maruta, N., Li, Y., Pan, M., Saikot, F. K., Lim, B. Y. J., McGuinness, H. Y., Zaoti, Z. F., Li, S., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.784484 · Cited by 63
“…(e.g. recruiting IL-1R-associated kinases (IRAKs) and activating the transcription factor NF-k B [nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells]), to induce in fl ammatory responses through the production of proin fl ammatory cytokines and programmed cell-death responses (3, 4).”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuroendocrine-Immune Crosstalk Shapes Sex-Specific Brain Development
Arambula, S. E., & McCarthy, M. M. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa055 · Cited by 55
“The IL-1 superfamily consists of 11 cytokines and 10 receptors that play a central role in initiating and regulating innate and adaptive inflammatory responses to a wide range of stimuli (72, 73).”
BackgroundLentinan progress in inflammatory diseases and tumor diseases
Zhou, G.-D., Liu, H., Yuan, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, L., & Wu, J. (2024) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01585-7 · Cited by 59
“Inflammatory diseases can be defined as a general term for a large group of diseases, including inflammation in various systems [10].”
BackgroundImmune and inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets of gout: An update
Liu, W., Peng, J., Wu, Y., Ye, Z., Zong, Z., Wu, R., & Li, H. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110466 · Cited by 59
Dyomina, A. V., Zubareva, O. E., Smolensky, I. V., Vasilev, D. S., Zakharova, M. V., Kovalenko, A. A., Schwarz, A. P., Ischenko, A. M., & Zaitsev, A. V. (2020) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph13110340 · Cited by 59
“It is hypothesized that the IL-1β/IL-1R1 axis provides the recurrent character of chronic seizures and promotes seizure onset after brain injury [19].”
BackgroundInfluentialPegoraro, N. S., Camponogara, C., Cruz, L., & Oliveira, S. M. (2020) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113486 · Cited by 58
The IL-1 family in tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity
Sun, R., Gao, D. S., Shoush, J., & Lu, B. (2022) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.002 · Cited by 58
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the inflammasome in cancer
Prêtre, V., Papadopoulos, D., Regard, J. B., Pelletier, M. R., & Woo, J. (2022) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155850 · Cited by 66
Sheng, C. C., Sahoo, D. H., Dugar, S. P., Prada, R. A., Wang, T. K. M., Hassan, O. K. A., Brennan, D. M., Culver, D. A., Rajendram, P., Duggal, A., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.23451 · Cited by 51
“In addition, IL-1β induces its own production as well as synthesis of IL-6, and this cascade leads to pyroptosis (inflammatory-mediated cell death).(39) This deleterious process may result in vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial injury.”
BackgroundThe role of cytokines in wound healing: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic applications
Wong, R. S.-Y., Tan, T., Pang, A. S., & Srinivasan, D. K. (2025) · Exploration of Immunology · doi:10.37349/ei.2025.1003183 · Cited by 62
Liso, M., Verna, G., Cavalcanti, E., Santis, S. D., Armentano, R., Tafaro, A., Lippolis, A., Campiglia, P., Gasbarrini, A., Mastronardi, M., et al. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.03.003 · Cited by 53
“The IL1 axis, which includes IL1a and IL1b binding to the same receptor (IL1R1: Interleukin 1 Receptor Type 1), has been identified repeatedly as a crucial mediator for the onset of UC inflammation.(14,15) IL1-receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) can inhibit the biological effects of IL1, acting as a natural decoy for IL1b.”
BackgroundAdvances on the Role and Applications of Interleukin-1 in Tuberculosis
Silvério, D., Gonçalves, R., Appelberg, R., & Saraiva, M. (2021) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.03134-21 · Cited by 59
“autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (10).”
Tazi, J., Begon‐Pescia, C., Campos, N., Apolit, C., Garcel, A., & Scherrer, D. (2020) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.019 · Cited by 53
Brown, D. E., Libby, S. J., Moreland, S. M., McCoy, M. W., Brabb, T., Stepanek, A., Fang, F. C., & Detweiler, C. S. (2013) · Veterinary Pathology · doi:10.1177/0300985813478213 · Cited by 48
Molecular mechanisms of cell death in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Deng, X., Bao, Z., Yang, X., Mei, Y., Zhou, Q., Chen, A., Yu, R., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-022-01791-4 · Cited by 54
Statin-Regulated Efferocytosis in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Tajbakhsh, A., Hayat, S. M. G., Askari, H., Savardashtaki, A., Pirro, M., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108282 · Cited by 57
Medicinal plants and bioactive natural products as inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome
Bagherniya, M., Khedmatgozar, H., Fakheran, O., Xu, S., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2021) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7118 · Cited by 60
“One common characteristic of auto-inflammatory diseases is rapid disease regression following treatment with IL-1β blockade (Dinarello, 2011).”
BackgroundSystemic Inflammation after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Chai, C.-Z., Ho, U., & Kuo, L. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241310943 · Cited by 60
Pharmacological Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Licorice-Derived Flavonoids
Wu, Y., Wang, Z., Du, Q., Zhu, Z., Chen, T., Xue, Y., Wang, Y., Zeng, Q., Shen, C., Jiang, C., et al. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/9523071 · Cited by 50
Garnett, C. N., Watson, J. B., Higgins, E. K., Quan, N., & Bachstetter, A. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.688254 · Cited by 62
“IL-1b is induced upon activation and then processed into the active form via inflammasome and caspase-1 cleavage (69).”
BackgroundInterleukin-1Beta and Risk of Premature Death in Patients with Myocardial Infarction.
Silvain, J., Kerneis, M., Zeitouni, M., Lattuca, B., Galier, S., Brugier, D., Mertens, E., Procopi, N., Suc, G., Salloum, T., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.026 · Cited by 50
Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in People With HIV Infection
Titanji, B. K., Gavegnano, C., Hsue, P. Y., Schinazi, R. F., & Marconi, V. C. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.014873 · Cited by 56
Kanamori, Y., Murakami, M., Sugiyama, M., Hashimoto, O., Matsui, T., & Funaba, M. (2019) · Vitamins and Hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2019.01.007 · Cited by 47
Meng, E. X., Verne, G. N., & Zhou, Q. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25179422 · Cited by 56
“IL-1 IL-1 β acts synergistically with TNF-α to amplify the inflammatory response and induce fever, which is a critical component of the body’s defense mechanism against pathogens [92].”
BackgroundCircRNA–miRNA networks in regulating bone disease
Huang, W., Wu, Y., Qiao, M., Xie, Z., Cen, X. B., Huang, X., & Zhao, Z. (2021) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.30625 · Cited by 56
Control of T Cell Metabolism by Cytokines and Hormones
Bishop, E. L., Gudgeon, N. H., & Dimeloe, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.653605 · Cited by 56
Singh, K., Chen, Y.-C., Judy, J., Seifuddin, F., Tunc, I., & Pirooznia, M. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.092536 · Cited by 48
“IL1 signaling is critical for initiating and regulating inflammatory processes in response to infection (49, 50).”
BackgroundAlam, M., Alam, Q., Kamal, M., Abuzenadah, A., & Haque, A. (2014) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/18715273113126660151 · Cited by 47
Role for IL-1 Family Cytokines in Fungal Infections
Griffiths, J. S., Camilli, G., Kotowicz, N. K., Ho, J., Richardson, J. P., & Naglik, J. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.633047 · Cited by 58
“Interestingly, even when the autoimmune disease is primarily Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 3 February 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 633047 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/IL-6 driven (as in rheumatoid arthritis), blocking IL-1β signaling reduced disease severity (Dinarello, 2011).”
BackgroundHerder, C., Nuotio, M.-L., Shah, S., Blankenberg, S., Brunner, E. J., Carstensen, M., Gieger, C., Grallert, H., Jula, A., Kähönen, M., et al. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0731 · Cited by 46
Discovery of Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Tricyclic NLRP3 Inhibitors
Velcicky, J., Janser, P., Gommermann, N., Brenneisen, S., Ilić, S. B., Vangrevelinghe, E., Stiefl, N., Boettcher, A., Arnold, C., Malinverni, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02098 · Cited by 54
Interleukin-1 and Systemic Sclerosis: Getting to the Heart of Cardiac Involvement
Luca, G. D. D., Cavalli, G., Campochiaro, C., Bruni, C., Tomelleri, A., Dagna, L., & Matucci‐Cerinic, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.653950 · Cited by 52
Yang, L., Zhang, X., & Wang, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.992937 · Cited by 54
“It is a key mediator of inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious and degenerative responses (75).”
BackgroundXu, L., Shao, Z., Fang, X., Xin, Z., Zhao, S., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Zheng, W., Yu, X., Zhang, Z., et al. (2024) · Exploration · doi:10.1002/exp.20230165 · Cited by 56
Autoinflammatory Diseases and Cytokine Storms—Imbalances of Innate and Adaptative Immunity
Marcuzzi, A., Melloni, E., Zauli, G., Romani, A., Secchiero, P., Maximova, N., & Rimondi, E. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222011241 · Cited by 52
“The cytokine that characterizes the typical inflammation of these autoinflammatory pathologies is IL-1β, a primary pro-inflammatory cytokine, which plays a fundamental role both in innate immunity and inflammatory responses [58,59].”
BackgroundAarts, P., Dudink, K., Vossen, A. R., van Straalen, K. V., Ardon, C., Prens, E., & van der Zee, H. H. (2021) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-021-01566-2 · Cited by 43
Conejero, I., Jaussent, I., Cazals, A., Thouvenot, E., Mura, T., Le Bars, E., Guillaume, S., Squalli, S., Courtet, P., & Olié, E. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.041 · Cited by 39
IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) Levels and Management of Metabolic Disorders
Luotola, K. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14163422 · Cited by 45
“The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family is an integral part of the immune system and its research has uncovered significant roles in the pathogenesis of multiple disease conditions [13].”
BackgroundNLRP12-associated systemic autoinflammatory diseases in children
Wang, H.-F. (2022) · Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal · doi:10.1186/s12969-022-00669-8 · Cited by 42
“Therefore, uncontrolled IL-1β release is an important pathological basis for NLRP12-AID, and exogenous IL-1 related inhibitors can antagonize the excessive activation of inflammatory pathways and return them to a steady state [12, 13, 28, 29].”
BackgroundA myriad of roles of dendritic cells in atherosclerosis
Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, W., & Xu, Y. (2021) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.13634 · Cited by 49
Chen, Y., Feng, B., Yuan, Y., Hu, J., Zhao, W., Jiang, H., Li, W., Fan, Z., & Du, Z.-M. (2020) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2020/6318520 · Cited by 42
“IL-1β is the most studied member of the IL-1 family due to its role in mediating autoinflammatory diseases [37]; it has been reported that hyperlipidemia could result in the accumulation of apoptotic bodies, followed by a robust IL1-dependent increase in serum inflammatory cytokines [38].”
BackgroundSystemic administration of probiotics reduces the severity of apical periodontitis.
Cosme-Silva, L., Dal-Fabbro, R., Cintra, L. T., Santos, V. R. D. D., Duque, C., Ervolino, E., Bomfim, S. M., & Gomes‐Filho, J. E. (2019) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.13192 · Cited by 42
Angelova, G., Brazkova, M., Mihaylova, D. S., Slavov, A. M., Petkova, N. T., Blazheva, D. E., Deseva, I. N., Gotova, I., Dimitrov, Z., & Krastanov, A. I. (2022) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof8070738 · Cited by 49
Kron, J., Crawford, T., Mihalick, V. L., Bogun, F. M., Jordan, J. H., Koelling, T. M., Syed, H. J., Syed, A. A., Iden, T. C., Polly, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-021-03130-8 · Cited by 47
“Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, also referred to as master regulator of the inflammatory response, involved in virtually every acute inflammatory process [8].”
BackgroundNikolakis, G. D., Kaleta, K., Vaiopoulos, G., Wolter, K., Baroud, S., Wojas‐Pelc, A., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2020) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000509873 · Cited by 44
Inflammasome Fuels Dengue Severity
Shrivastava, G., Leon, P. C. V., & Calvo, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00489 · Cited by 46
“As a part of its role as an endogen pyrogen (fever-causing), IL-1β stimulates lymphocytes and foster leukocytes infiltration to the inflammation site, thereby regulating local and systemic inflammation (Dinarello, 2011).”
BackgroundAmorphous Nanosilica induced Toxicity, Inflammation and Innate Immune Responses: A Critical Review.
Sharma, N., & Jha, S. (2020) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2020.152519 · Cited by 41
Vasculoprotective Effects of Vildagliptin. Focus on Atherogenesis
Wiciński, M., Górski, K. M., Wódkiewicz, E., Walczak, M., Nowaczewska, M., & Malinowski, B. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072275 · Cited by 48
“Note: ↓ = reduction, ↑ = increase, p- = phosphorylation, LPS = Lipopolysaccharides, iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase, NF-κB = nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, JNK = c-Jun N-terminal kinase, TLR2 = Toll-like receptor 2, TLR4 = Toll-like receptor 4, rBMVECs = rat brain microvascular…”
BackgroundInfluentialDarweesh, M. F., Mohammadi, S., Rahmati, M., Al-Hamadani, M., & Al‐Harrasi, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1578202 · Cited by 51
“However, excessive IL-1 b activity can lead to chronic in fl ammation, as seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in fl ammatory bowel disease (IBD), and atherosclerosis (72, 73).”
El-Nablaway, M., Rashed, F., Taher, E. S., Atia, G. A. N., Foda, T., Mohammed, N. A., Abdeen, A., Abdo, M., Hinda, I. A., Imbrea, A.-M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1384326 · Cited by 39
“IL-1ra can reduce the biological functions of IL-1 by binding with the IL-1 receptor, lowering the generation of in fl ammatory molecules which include IL-6 and TNF-α and suppressing the formation of osteoclasts (Dinarello, 2011).”
BackgroundImmunometabolism-modulation and immunotoxicity evaluation of perfluorooctanoic acid in macrophage
Tian, J., Hong, Y., Li, Z., Yang, Z., Lei, B., Liu, J., & Cai, Z. (2021) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112128 · Cited by 49
Luo, M., Meng, J., Yan, J.-H., Shang, F.-F., Zhang, T., Lv, D., Li, C., Yang, X., & Luo, S.-X. (2020) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-020-01232-x · Cited by 39
“IL-1β, which is directly involved in the maturation and synthesis induced by NLRP3 [31], may be responsible for this and lead to a cascading inflammatory reaction, or endothelial cells were destroyed through directly participating in oxidative stress or apoptosis.”
BackgroundEffects of Sulfonylureas on Periodontopathic Bacteria-Induced Inflammation
Kawahara, Y., Kaneko, T., Yoshinaga, Y., Arita, Y., Nakamura, K., Koga, C., Yoshimura, A., & Sakagami, R. (2020) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034520913250 · Cited by 45
Bindoli, S., Matteis, A. D., Mitrovic, S., Fautrel, B., Carmona, L., & Benedetti, F. D. (2024) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard-2024-225854 · Cited by 48
Innate and adaptive immunity in acute myocarditis
Golino, M., Harding, D., Buono, M. G. D., Fanti, S., MOHIDDIN, S. A., Toldo, S. A., Smyth, J. W., Sanna, T., Marelli‐Berg, F. M., & Abbate, A. (2024) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131901 · Cited by 41
Wu, Y., Hsing, C., Chiu, C.-J., Huang, H., & Hsu, Y. (2021) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.2568 · Cited by 40
Role for Anti-Cytokine Therapies in Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
Buckley, L. F., Wohlford, G. F., Ting, C., Alahmed, A. A., Tassell, B. W. V., Abbate, A., Devlin, J. W., & Libby, P. (2020) · Critical Care Explorations · doi:10.1097/cce.0000000000000178 · Cited by 48
Current Progress of Platelet-Rich Derivatives in Cartilage and Joint Repairs
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The Role of Genetics and Epigenetic Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis
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CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer
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“The IL-1β promoter, packaged into a non-transcribed “poised” configuration, is associated”
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“However, higher osteocalcin levels in CKD meant a higher osteoclast activity, which may lead to bone loss [68].”
BackgroundTrimetazidine affects pyroptosis by targeting GSDMD in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Chen, X., Lin, S., Dai, S., Han, J., Shan, P., Wang, W., Huang, Z., Ye, B., & Huang, W. (2022) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-021-01530-6 · Cited by 43
“Notably, IL-1β is the key cytokine regulating the development of many inflammatory diseases [21], and the application of IL-1 antagonists effectively improves cardiac function and reduces the myocardial INF [22].”
BackgroundRole of monoclonal antibody drugs in the treatment of COVID-19
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“Interleukin-1 b is highly elevated in chronic diseases such as obesity, osteoarthritis, and gout (Dinarello, 2011).”
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“They bind to their respective ligands and initiate inflammatory signaling and regulate immune response; among them, IL-1β and IL-18 act as the proinflammatory family members (44).”
BackgroundNLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor cucurbitacin B suppresses gout arthritis in mice
Xue, Y., Li, R., Fang, P., Ye, Z.-Q., Zhao, Y. L., Zhou, Y., Zhang, K., & Li, L. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-20-0305 · Cited by 41
“2010, Burns & Wortmann 2011, Dinarello 2011).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Dinarello, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Dinarello, Charles A.
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2011-04-07
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 3720-3732
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- PMC
- PMC3083294
- OpenAlex
- W2150107812
- Cited by
- 2,248
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 138 · 2025: 173 · 2024: 151 · 2023: 150 · 2022: 161 · 2021: 160 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 164 · 2018: 151 · 2017: 145 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 154 · 2014: 139 · 2013: 124 · 2012: 110
- FWCI
- 12.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA 046934, P30CA046934)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI‑15614, R56AI015614, R01AI015614)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- interleukin-1, IL-1 receptor family, innate immunity, autoinflammatory disease, autoimmune disease, caspase-1, gout, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, recurrent pericarditis, smoldering multiple myeloma, heart failure, anti-inflammatory therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Disease, Multigene Family, Humans, Inflammation, Interleukin-1, Models, Biological, Receptors, Interleukin-1, Toll-Like Receptors, Molecular Targeted Therapy
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