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The Neural Correlates of Consciousness: An Update
Open accessAbstract
This review examines recent advances in the study of brain correlates of consciousness. First, we briefly discuss some useful distinctions between consciousness and other brain functions. We then examine what has been learned by studying global changes in the level of consciousness, such as sleep, anesthesia, and seizures. Next we consider some of the most common paradigms used to study the neural correlates for specific conscious percepts and examine what recent findings say about the role of different brain regions in giving rise to consciousness for that percept. Then we discuss dynamic aspects of neural activity, such as sustained versus phasic activity, feedforward versus reentrant activity, and the role of neural synchronization. Finally, we briefly consider how a theoretical analysis of the fundamental properties of consciousness can usefully complement neurobiological studies.
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“The integration of bottom-up input and top-down recurrent information is considered essential for consciousness to occur (Tononi and Koch, 2008) and is likely to be subserved by long-distance projection neurons (Dehaene et al., 2006; Dehaene and Changeux, 2011).”
From Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness (2013) · cites this paper as Tononi and Koch, 2008
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“IIT defines a property of a system called integrated information (Φ) and postulates that this is an exact measure of the quantity of consciousness of any system.”
From The Problem with Phi: A Critique of Integrated Information Theory (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
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“Tononi’s response is not surprising given that IIT implies a form of panpsychism [1–8].”
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“In either case, IIT appears to be identifying consciousness with a specific measure of information.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tononi, G., & Koch, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- ORCID
- Tononi, Giulio
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 1124
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 239-261
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2016702702
- Cited by
- 627
- References
- 173
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- resolver.caltech.edu
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- neural correlates of consciousness, consciousness, sleep, anesthesia, seizures, brain regions, neuronal synchronization
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Consciousness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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