Signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators orchestrating liver development and cancer
Abstract
Liver development is controlled by key signals and transcription factors that drive cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and functional maturation. In the adult liver, cell maturity can be perturbed by genetic and environmental factors that disrupt hepatic identity and function. Developmental signals and fetal genetic programmes are often dysregulated or reactivated, leading to dedifferentiation and disease. Here, we highlight signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators that drive liver cell development and primary liver cancers. We also discuss emerging models derived from pluripotent stem cells, 3D organoids and bioengineering for improved studies of signalling pathways in liver cancer and regenerative medicine.
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α1- and α5-containing Laminins Regulate the Development of Bile Ducts via β1 Integrin Signals
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The Dynamics of Transcriptional Activation by Hepatic Reprogramming Factors
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Expression of Yes-associated protein modulates Survivin expression in primary liver malignancies
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Loss of liver function in chronic liver disease: An identity crisis
Berasain, C., Arechederra, M., Argemí, J., Fernández-Barrena, M. G., & Avila, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Applications of human organoids in the personalized treatment for digestive diseases
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Fetal liver development and implications for liver disease pathogenesis
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Self-citationSingle-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics for liver biology
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“Tcf7l2/Tcf4 acts as the transcriptional partner with β-catenin at the downstream of Wnt signaling, which is also required for liver development and the postnatal proliferation of hepatocytes [2, 33].”
BackgroundRNA m6A modification in liver biology and its implication in hepatic diseases and carcinogenesis
Ma, W., & Wu, T. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00214.2022 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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“The development of HCC can be caused by imbalanced signaling pathways in the liver, aerobic glycolysis, and stimuli from the tumor microenvironment (Campbell et al. 2021; Correnti et al. 2022; Feng et al. 2020).”
Krüppel-like factor 15 in liver diseases: Insights into metabolic reprogramming
Chen, H., Li, L., & Du, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1115226 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“5, that the hepatocytes became mature and then begin to produce a variety of metabolic enzymes and proteins required for adult liver function (Kamiya et al., 1999; Kamiya et al., 2002; Ober and Lemaigre, 2018; Campbell et al., 2021).”
BackgroundThiab, S., Azeez, J. M., Anala, A. D., Nanda, M., Khan, S., Butler, A. E., & Nandakumar, M. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14151188 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The Wnt/ β -catenin pathway, in particular, is both necessary and sufficient for liver specification, with overexpression of Wnt2bb or Wnt8a inducing ectopic hepatoblast formation in zebrafish [13,24].”
Zhao, Y., Li, X., Song, G., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092264 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The liver development process involved in many pathways, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), Wnt, and Hippo and Notch signaling pathways in mammals [21].”
BackgroundESRP2–microRNA-122 axis promotes the postnatal onset of liver polyploidization and maturation
Bangru, S., Chen, J., Baker, N., Das, D., Chembazhi, U. V., Derham, J. M., Chorghade, S., Arif, W., Alencastro, F., Duncan, A. W., et al. (2025) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.352129.124 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“This requires precise activation of transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and signaling programs to ensure proper differentiation, growth, and maturation of hepatocytes (Kyrmizi et al. 2006; Elizalde et al. 2014; Bhate et al. 2015; Campbell et al. 2021; Wesley et al. 2022).”
Ota, N., Kato, H., & Shiojiri, N. (2023) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.25313 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“They give rise to biliary cells expressing osteopontin and basal laminar components in response to Notch signals from mesenchymal cells in portal areas during development (Campbell et al., 2021; Hofmann et al., 2010; Lemaigre, 2020; McCright et al., 2002; Tanimizu & Miyajima, 2004).”
BackgroundTGF-β and HIPPO Signaling Pathways Interplay in Distinct Hepatic Contexts
Color-Aparicio, V. M., Tecalco-Cruz, Á. C., Delgado‐Coello, B., Sosa‐Garrocho, M., Mas‐Oliva, J., Vázquez‐Victorio, G., & Macías‐Silva, M. (2024) · Gene Expression · doi:10.14218/ge.2023.00192 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“2,11,31 Moreover, some murine models, such as mice liver-conditional KO of LATS1 / 2 kinases are used to study the fate of hepatic progenitors.”
Lee, H., Song, J., An, G., Bae, S.-M., Song, G., Lim, W., & Park, S. (2025) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110393 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
YTHDC1 Is Essential for Postnatal Liver Development and Homeostasis
Li, X., Li, X., Liu, C., Li, Z., Ding, K., Wang, Y., Gu, N., Xie, L., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202505725 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
MicroRNA Profiling of PRELI-Modulated Exosomes and Effects on Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells
Kim, B. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252413299 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ESRP2-microRNA-122 axis directs the postnatal onset of liver polyploidization and maturationPreprint
Bangru, S., Chen, J., Baker, N., Das, D., Chembazhi, U. V., Derham, J. M., Chorghade, S., Arif, W., Alencastro, F., Duncan, A. W., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.06.602336 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, K., Li, B., Deng, Z., Dong, Y., Li, Y., Chen, B., Zhao, M., Lu, M., Liu, X., Guo, Z., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.25.595867
Cotovio, J. P., Borges, A. C., Nogueira, D. E. S., Rodrigues, C. A. V., Cabral, J. M. S., & Fernandes, T. G. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690974
“Mesoderm-derived FGF ligands contribute to this spatial and temporal organization by further refining endodermal identity and promoting hepatic specification 43,44 .”
InfluentialGrenci, B., Tsai, A., Zobus, K., & Underhill, G. H. (2026) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103351
“Such translational studies would have important implications for understanding developmental disorders affecting liver zonation and bile duct formation, including Alagille syndrome and biliary atresia, where Notch and other developmental pathways are disrupted [12,14].”
Kim, S., Lee, J., & Kim, G.-D. (2026) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-026-11235-0
- Authors
- Campbell, S. A., Stephan, T. L., Lotto, J., Cullum, R., Drissler, S., & Hoodless, P. A.
- Affiliations
- BC Cancer Agency (CA)
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2021-09-01
- Volume
- 148
- Issue
- 17
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W3197661862
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FRN-153006)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Keywords
- liver development, liver cancer, signaling pathways, transcription factors, hepatocyte differentiation, dedifferentiation, pluripotent stem cells, 3D organoids, liver regeneration, regenerative medicine
- MeSH terms
- Cell Differentiation, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Liver, Liver Neoplasms, Liver Regeneration, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Hepatocytes, Tissue Engineering
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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