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Isoform-dependent lysosomal degradation and internalization of apolipoprotein E requires autophagy proteins

Fote, Gianna M., Geller, Nicolette R., Efstathiou, Nikolaos E., Hendricks, Nathan, Vavvas, Demetrios G., Reidling, Jack C., Thompson, Leslie M., Steffan, Joan S.·2022·Journal of Cell Science
DOI 10.1242/jcs.258687PMC PMC8917355
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Abstract

The human apolipoprotein E4 isoform (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), and lysosomal dysfunction has been implicated in AD pathogenesis. We found, by examining cells stably expressing each APOE isoform, that APOE4 increases lysosomal trafficking, accumulates in enlarged lysosomes and late endosomes, alters autophagic flux and the abundance of autophagy proteins and lipid droplets, and alters the proteomic contents of lysosomes following internalization. We investigated APOE-related lysosomal trafficking further in cell culture, and found that APOE from the post-Golgi compartment is degraded through autophagy. We found that this autophagic process requires the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2 in immortalized neuron-like and hepatic cells, and in mouse brain tissue. Several macroautophagy-associated proteins were also required for autophagic degradation and internalization of APOE in hepatic cells. The dysregulated autophagic flux and lysosomal trafficking of APOE4 that we observed suggest a possible novel mechanism that might contribute to AD pathogenesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

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Authors
Fote, G. M., Geller, N. R., Efstathiou, N. E., Hendricks, N., Vavvas, D. G., Reidling, J. C., Thompson, L. M., & Steffan, J. S.
Affiliations
  • UC Irvine Department of Biological Chemistry 1 , 825 Health Sciences Road, Medical Sciences I, Room D240, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-1700 , USA
  • UC Irvine Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior 2 , Neuropsychiatric Center, UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Building 3, Route 88, Orange, CA 92868 , USA
  • Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology 3 , 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114 , USA
  • Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, UC Riverside 4 , Eucalyptus Drive, Riverside, CA 92521 , USA
  • UC Irvine MIND Institute 5 , 2642 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697-4545 , USA
ORCID
Steffan, Joan S.
Venue
Journal of Cell Science
Publisher
The Company of Biologists
Published
2022-01-15
Volume
135
Issue
2
ISSN
  • 0021-9533
  • 1477-9137
DOI
10.1242/jcs.258687
PMC
PMC8917355
Cited by
36
References
19
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor, 10 d)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1F30AG060704, NS090390, NS116872, NS072453, AG016573, S10 OD010669, T32AG000096, T32GM008620)
  • Hereditary Disease Foundation
  • University of California
  • CHDI Foundation
  • Lorna Carlin Fellowship

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