CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 55

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

SNX27–Retromer directly binds ESCPE-1 to transfer cargo proteins during endosomal recycling

Simonetti, Boris, Guo, Qian, Giménez-Andrés, Manuel, Chen, Kai-En, Moody, Edmund R. R., Evans, Ashley J., Chandra, Mintu, Danson, Chris M., Williams, Tom A., Collins, Brett M., Cullen, Peter J.·2022·PLOS Biology
DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001601PMC PMC9038204
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Coat complexes coordinate cargo recognition through cargo adaptors with biogenesis of transport carriers during integral membrane protein trafficking. Here, we combine biochemical, structural, and cellular analyses to establish the mechanistic basis through which SNX27–Retromer, a major endosomal cargo adaptor, couples to the membrane remodeling endosomal SNX-BAR sorting complex for promoting exit 1 (ESCPE-1). In showing that the SNX27 FERM (4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin) domain directly binds acidic-Asp-Leu-Phe (aDLF) motifs in the SNX1/SNX2 subunits of ESCPE-1, we propose a handover model where SNX27–Retromer captured cargo proteins are transferred into ESCPE-1 transport carriers to promote endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling. By revealing that assembly of the SNX27:Retromer:ESCPE-1 coat evolved in a stepwise manner during early metazoan evolution, likely reflecting the increasing complexity of endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling from the ancestral opisthokont to modern animals, we provide further evidence of the functional diversification of yeast pentameric Retromer in the recycling of hundreds of integral membrane proteins in metazoans.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001601

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • VPS35 suppression resulted in an increase in LRFNs (LRFN1, 2 and 4) at the neuronal surface, suggesting that SNX27 can act independently to Retromer in the trafficking of a sub-set of cargoes, potentially through the ESCPE-1 complex.

    “Surprisingly, VPS35 suppression resulted in an increase in LRFNs (LRFN1, 2 and 4) at the neuronal surface (Figure 2C) suggesting that SNX27 can act independently to Retromer in the trafficking of a sub-set of cargoes, potentially through the ESCPE-1 complex [27,28].”

    From Global identification of neuronal and astrocytic integral membrane proteins that require Retromer for their endosomal recycling (2026) · cites this paper as [27]

    The Results section reports that SNX27 binds ESCPE-1 even when SNX27 mutants cannot bind Retromer, supporting a Retromer-independent physical interaction. It does not establish Retromer-independent trafficking of a cargo subset; the Discussion instead describes Retromer as essential for retrieval of the cargos studied. The neuronal LRFN surface increase is presented as the citing authors’ own Figure 2C result, not as a finding from this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Retromer associates with accessory proteins and cargo adaptors including sorting nexins, the WASH complex, RAB GTPase regulators including TBC1D5 and ANKRD27/VARP, and RME8.

    “To function, Retromer associates with accessory proteins and cargo adaptors including sorting nexins (SNXs) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], the WASH complex [35][36][37][38][39], RAB GTPase regulators including TBC1D5 and ANKRD27/VARP [40][41][42][43][44][45][46], and RME8 [47].”

    From Global identification of neuronal and astrocytic integral membrane proteins that require Retromer for their endosomal recycling (2026) · cites this paper as [27]

  • SNX27 interacts with SNX-BAR proteins SNX1 and SNX2 and the WASH complex to couple sequence-dependent retrieval of SNX27 cargoes with tubule formation during cargo recycling.

    “SNX27 also interacts with the SNX-BAR (Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) proteins SNX1 and SNX2 [27,28,31,62] and the WASH complex [37] to couple sequence-dependent retrieval of SNX27 cargoes with tubule formation during the process of cargo recycling.”

    From Global identification of neuronal and astrocytic integral membrane proteins that require Retromer for their endosomal recycling (2026) · cites this paper as [27]

  • The lack of significantly enriched labelling between SNX27 and Retromer may result from a technical limitation or reflect a highly dynamic, transient association between cargo-loaded SNX27 and the Retromer demarcated sub-domain during the handover of captured cargo.

    “Given the direct nature of the PDZ domain of SNX27 in binding to VPS26A and VPS26B and the importance of this coupling for Retromer-mediated cargo sorting11, the lack of significantly enriched labelling may result from a technical limitation or reflect a highly dynamic, transient association between cargo-loaded SNX27 and the Retromer demarcated sub-domain during the handover of captured cargo31.”

    From Mapping of endosomal proximity proteomes reveals Retromer as a hub for RAB GTPase regulation (2025) · cites this paper as [31]

  • ID1-SNX27 also labelled ESCPE-1 subunits, supporting the recently proposed cargo handover model for SNX27-Retromer mediated ESCPE-1-dependent cargo sorting.

    “In addition, and consistent with the colocalization of endogenous VPS35, SNX27 and SNX1 (Fig. 2I and Supplementary Fig. 4D), ID1-SNX27 also labelled ESCPE-1 subunits (Fig. 2E), supporting the recently proposed cargo handover model for SNX27-Retromer mediated ESCPE-1-dependent cargo sorting31.”

    From Mapping of endosomal proximity proteomes reveals Retromer as a hub for RAB GTPase regulation (2025) · cites this paper as [31]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 81

  1. PJ Cullen, 2018, To degrade or not to degrade: mechanisms and significance of endocytic recycling, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 19, 679, 10.1038/s41580-018-0053-7 · DOI · Paper page
  2. SA Small, 2020, Endosomal recycling reconciles the Alzheimer’s disease paradox, Sci Transl Med, 12
  3. FR Maxfield, 2004, Endocytic recycling, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 5, 121, 10.1038/nrm1315 · DOI · Paper page
  4. KE Chen, 2019, Towards a molecular understanding of endosomal trafficking by Retromer and Retriever, Traffic, 20, 465, 10.1111/tra.12649 · DOI · Paper page
  5. TI Strochlic, 2007, Grd19/Snx3p functions as a cargo-specific adapter for retromer-dependent endocytic recycling, J Cell Biol, 177, 115, 10.1083/jcb.200609161 · DOI · Paper page
  6. M Harterink, 2011, A SNX3-dependent retromer pathway mediates retrograde transport of the Wnt sorting receptor Wntless and is required for Wnt secretion, Nat Cell Biol, 13, 914, 10.1038/ncb2281 · DOI · Paper page
  7. M Lucas, 2016, Structural mechanism for cargo recognition by the retromer complex, Cell, 167, 1623, 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.056 · DOI · Paper page
  8. AK Kendall, 2020, Mammalian retromer is an adaptable scaffold for cargo sorting from endosomes, Structure, 28, 393, 10.1016/j.str.2020.01.009 · DOI
  9. N Leneva, 2021, Architecture and mechanism of metazoan retromer:SNX3 tubular coat assembly, Sci Adv, 7
  10. BE Lauffer, 2010, SNX27 mediates PDZ-directed sorting from endosomes to the plasma membrane, J Cell Biol, 190, 565, 10.1083/jcb.201004060 · DOI · Paper page
  11. P Temkin, 2011, SNX27 mediates retromer tubule entry and endosome-to-plasma membrane trafficking of signalling receptors, Nat Cell Biol, 13, 715, 10.1038/ncb2252 · DOI · Paper page
  12. F Steinberg, 2013, A global analysis of SNX27-retromer assembly and cargo specificity reveals a function in glucose and metal ion transport, Nat Cell Biol, 15, 461, 10.1038/ncb2721 · DOI · Paper page
  13. M Gallon, 2014, A unique PDZ domain and arrestin-like fold interaction reveals mechanistic details of endocytic recycling by SNX27-retromer, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111, E3604, 10.1073/pnas.1410552111 · DOI · Paper page
  14. CA Phillips-Krawczak, 2015, COMMD1 is linked to the WASH complex and regulates endosomal trafficking of the copper transporter ATP7A, Mol Biol Cell, 26, 91, 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1073 · DOI · Paper page
  15. B Simonetti, 2019, Molecular identification of a BAR domain-containing coat complex for endosomal recycling of transmembrane proteins, Nat Cell Biol, 21, 1219, 10.1038/s41556-019-0393-3 · DOI · Paper page
  16. X Yong, 2020, Mechanism of cargo recognition by retromer-linked SNX-BAR proteins, PLoS Biol, 18, e3000631, 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000631 · DOI · Paper page
  17. TS Gomez, 2009, A FAM21-containing WASH complex regulates retromer-dependent sorting, Dev Cell, 17, 699, 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.09.009 · DOI · Paper page
  18. E Derivery, 2009, The Arp2/3 activator WASH controls the fission of endosomes through a large multiprotein complex, Dev Cell, 17, 712, 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.09.010 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Y Kaiji, 2003, A developmentally regulated and psychostimulant-inducible novel rat gene mrt1 encoding PDZ-PX proteins isolated in the neocortex, Mol Psychiatry, 8, 434, 10.1038/sj.mp.4001258 · DOI
  20. R Ghai, 2011, Phox homology band 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin-like proteins function as molecular scaffolds that interact with cargo receptors and Ras GTPases, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108, 7763, 10.1073/pnas.1017110108 · DOI · Paper page
  21. L Joubert, 2004, New sorting nexin (SNX27) and NHERF specifically interact with the 5-HT4a receptor splice variant: roles in receptor targeting, J Cell Sci, 117, 5367, 10.1242/jcs.01379 · DOI
  22. M-L Lunn, 2007, A unique sorting nexin regulates trafficking of potassium channels via a PDZ domain interaction, Nat Neurosci, 10, 1249, 10.1038/nn1953 · DOI · Paper page
  23. B Balana, 2011, Mechanism underlying selective regulation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels by the psychostimulant-sensitive sorting nexin 27, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108, 5831, 10.1073/pnas.1018645108 · DOI · Paper page
  24. L Cai, 2011, Deficiency of sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) leads to growth retardation and elevated levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2C (NR2C), Mol Cell Biol, 31, 1734, 10.1128/MCB.01044-10 · DOI
  25. NK Hussain, 2014, Sorting nexin-27 regulates basal and activity-dependent trafficking of AMPARs, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111, 11840, 10.1073/pnas.1412415111 · DOI · Paper page
  26. T Clairfeuille, 2016, A molecular code for endosomal recycling of phosphorylated cargos by the SNX27-retromer complex, Nat Struct Mol Biol, 23, 921, 10.1038/nsmb.3290 · DOI · Paper page
  27. P Sharma, 2020, SNX27-retromer assembly recycles MT1-MMP to invadopodia and promotes breast cancer metastasis, J Cell Biol, 219, e201812098, 10.1083/jcb.201812098 · DOI
  28. KJ McMillan, 2021, Sorting nexin-27 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the synaptic adhesion protein LRFN2, Elife, 10, e59432, 10.7554/eLife.59432 · DOI · Paper page
  29. MC Kerr, 2005, A novel mammalian retromer component, Vps26B, Traffic, 6, 991, 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2005.00328.x · DOI · Paper page
  30. O Kovtun, 2018, Structure of the membrane-assembled retromer coat determined by cryo-electron tomography, Nature, 561, 561, 10.1038/s41586-018-0526-z · DOI · Paper page
  31. ME Harbour, 2012, Recruitment of the endosomal WASH complex is mediated by the extended ‘tail’ of FAM21 binding to the retromer protein VPS35, Biochem J, 442, 209, 10.1042/BJ20111761 · DOI · Paper page
  32. D Jia, 2012, Multiple repeat elements within the FAM21 tail link the WASH actin regulatory complex to the retromer, Mol Biol Cell, 23, 2352, 10.1091/mbc.e11-12-1059 · DOI · Paper page
  33. MA Puthenveedu, 2010, Sequence-dependent sorting of recycling proteins by actin-stabilized endosomal microdomains, Cell, 143, 761, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.10.003 · DOI · Paper page
  34. NG Tsvetanova, 2015, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling via heterotrimeric G proteins from endosomes, J Biol Chem, 290, 6689, 10.1074/jbc.R114.617951 · DOI
  35. KC Varandas, 2016, Retromer endosome exit domains serve multiple trafficking destinations and regulate local G protein activation by GPCRs, Curr Biol, 26, 3129, 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.052 · DOI · Paper page
  36. S Lee, 2016, FAM21 directs SNX27-retromer cargoes to the plasma membrane by preventing transport to the Golgi apparatus, Nat Commun, 7, 10939, 10.1038/ncomms10939 · DOI · Paper page
  37. M Chandra, 2021, Toward understanding the molecular role of SNX27/Retromer in human health and disease, Front Cell Dev Biol, 9, 642378, 10.3389/fcell.2021.642378 · DOI
  38. J Carlton, 2004, Sorting nexin-1 mediates tubular endosome-to-TGN transport through coincidence sensing of high-curvature membranes and 3-phosphoinositides, Curr Biol, 14, 1791, 10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.077 · DOI · Paper page
  39. JRT van Weering, 2012, Molecular basis for SNX-BAR-mediated assembly of distinct endosomal sorting tubules, EMBO J, 31, 4466, 10.1038/emboj.2012.283 · DOI · Paper page
  40. T Wassmer, 2007, A loss-of-function screen reveals SNX5 and SNX6 as potential components of the mammalian retromer, J Cell Sci, 120, 45, 10.1242/jcs.03302 · DOI · Paper page
  41. R Ghai, 2013, Structural basis for endosomal trafficking of diverse transmembrane cargos by PX-FERM proteins, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, E643, 10.1073/pnas.1216229110 · DOI · Paper page
  42. R Ghai, 2015, Phosphoinositide binding to the SNX27 FERM domain regulates its localization at the immune synapse of activated T-cells, J Cell Sci, 128, 553
  43. B Simonetti, 2017, Sequence-dependent cargo recognition by SNX-BARs mediates retromer-independent transport of CI-MPR, J Cell Biol, 216, 3695, 10.1083/jcb.201703015 · DOI · Paper page
  44. MN Seaman, 1998, A membrane coat complex essential for endosome-to-Golgi retrograde transport in yeast, J Cell Biol, 142, 665, 10.1083/jcb.142.3.665 · DOI · Paper page
  45. M Simunovic, 2015, When physics takes over: BAR proteins and membrane curvature, Trends Cell Biol, 25, 780, 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.09.005 · DOI
  46. A Kvainickas, 2017, Retromer- and WASH-dependent sorting of nutrient transporters requires a multivalent interaction network with ANKRD50, J Cell Sci, 130, 382, 10.1242/jcs.196758 · DOI
  47. GE Cozier, 2002, The phox homology (PX) domain-dependent, 3-phosphoinositide-mediated association of sorting nexin-1 with an early endosomal compartment of required for its ability to regulate EGF receptor degradation, J Biol Chem, 277, 4873048736, 10.1074/jbc.M206986200 · DOI · Paper page
  48. M Chandra, 2019, Classification of the human phox homology (PX) domains based on their phosphoinositide binding specificities, Nat Commun, 10, 1528, 10.1038/s41467-019-09355-y · DOI
  49. T Wassmer, 2009, The retromer coat complex coordinates endosomal sorting and dynein-mediated transport with carrier recognition by the trans-Golgi network, Dev Cell, 17, 110, 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.04.016 · DOI
  50. Z Hong, 2009, The retromer component SNX6 interacts with dynactin p150(Glued) and mediates endosome-to-TGN transport, Cell Res, 19, 1334, 10.1038/cr.2009.130 · DOI
  51. CL Freeman, 2014, RME-8 coordinates the activity of the WASH complex with the function of the retromer SNX dimer to control endosomal tubulation, J Cell Sci, 127, 2053
  52. EM Schmid, 2007, Integrating molecular and network biology to decode endocytosis, Nature, 448, 883, 10.1038/nature06031 · DOI · Paper page
  53. M Chandra, 2022, Biochemical basis for an interaction between SNX27 and the flexible SNX1 N-terminus, Adv Biol Regul, 83, 100842, 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100842 · DOI
  54. X Yong, 2021, SNX27-FERM-SNX1 complex structure rationalizes divergent trafficking pathways by SNX17 and SNX27, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 118, 10.1073/pnas.2105510118 · DOI
  55. M Skruzny, 2020, The protein architecture of the endocytic coat analysed by FRET microscopy, Mol Syst Biol, 16, e9009, 10.15252/msb.20199009 · DOI
  56. D Sun, 2020, The cryo-EM structure of the SNX–BAR Mvp1 tetramer, Nat Commun, 11, 1506, 10.1038/s41467-020-15110-5 · DOI
  57. TT Cao, 1999, A kinase-regulated PDZ-domain interaction controls endocytic sorting of the beta2-adrenergic receptor, Nature, 410, 286
  58. L Mao, 2021, Phosphorylation of SNX27 by MAPK11/14 links cellular stress-signaling pathways with endocytic recycling, J Cell Biol, 220, e202010048, 10.1083/jcb.202010048 · DOI
  59. H Wang, 2021, NEK1-mediated retromer trafficking promotes blood-brain barrier integrity by regulating glucose metabolism and RIPK1 activation, Nat Commun, 12, 4826, 10.1038/s41467-021-25157-7 · DOI
  60. N Itai, 2018, The phosphorylation of sorting nexin 5 at serine 226 regulates retrograde transport and micropinocytosis, PLoS ONE, 13, e0207205, 10.1371/journal.pone.0207205 · DOI
  61. N Dephoure, 2008, A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 10762, 10.1073/pnas.0805139105 · DOI · Paper page
  62. H Zhou, 2013, Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome, Proteome Res, 12, 260, 10.1021/pr300630k · DOI · Paper page
  63. Y Bian, 2014, An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome, Proteomics, 96, 253, 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014 · DOI
  64. VL Koumandou, 2011, Evolutionary reconstruction of the retromer complex and its function in Trypanosoma brucei, J Cell Sci, 124, 1496, 10.1242/jcs.081596 · DOI · Paper page
  65. SW Suzuki, 2019, A bipartite sorting signal ensures specificity of retromer complex in membrane proteins recycling, J Cell Biol, 218, 2876, 10.1083/jcb.201901019 · DOI
  66. SJ Norwood, 2011, Assembly and solution structure of the core retromer protein complex, Traffic, 12, 56, 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01124.x · DOI · Paper page
  67. A Kvainickas, 2017, Cargo-selective SNX-BAR proteins mediate retromer trimer independent retrograde transport, J Cell Biol, 216, 3677, 10.1083/jcb.201702137 · DOI · Paper page
  68. MP Rout, 2017, The evolution of organellar coat complexes and organization of the eukaryotic cell, Annu Rev Biochem, 86, 637, 10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044643 · DOI
  69. BM Collins, 2008, Structure of Vps26B and mapping of its interactions with the retromer protein complex, Traffic, 9, 366, 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00688.x · DOI
  70. WH Eschenfeldt, 2009, A family of LIC vectors for high-throughput cloning and purification of proteins, Methods Mol Biol, 498, 105, 10.1007/978-1-59745-196-3_7 · DOI
  71. M Mirdita, 2019, MMseqs2 desktop and local web server app for fast, interactive sequence searches, Bioinformatics, 35, 2856, 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1057 · DOI · Paper page
  72. V Hornak, 2006, Comparison of multiple Amber force fields and development of improved protein backbone parameters, Proteins, 65, 712, 10.1002/prot.21123 · DOI
  73. H Ashkenazy, 2016, ConSurf2016: an improved methodology to estimate and visualize evolutionary conservation in macromolecules, Nucleic Acids Res, 44, W344, 10.1093/nar/gkw408 · DOI · Paper page
  74. RT Moreland, 2014, A customized Web portal for the genome of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, BMC Genomics, 15, 316, 10.1186/1471-2164-15-316 · DOI
  75. RT Moreland, 2020, The Mnemiopsis Genome Project Portal: integrating new gene expression resources and improving data visualization, Database
  76. K Katoh, 2013, MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability, Mol Biol Evol, 30, 772, 10.1093/molbev/mst010 · DOI · Paper page
  77. BQ Minh, 2020, IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era, Mol Biol Evol, 37, 1530, 10.1093/molbev/msaa015 · DOI · Paper page
  78. L Si Quang, 2008, Empirical profile mixture models for phylogenetic reconstruction, Bioinformatics, 24, 2317, 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn445 · DOI
  79. Z. Yang, 1994, Maximum likelihood phylogenetic estimation from DNA sequences with variable rates over sites: approximate methods, J Mol Evol, 39, 306, 10.1007/BF00160154 · DOI · Paper page
  80. Z. Yang, 1995, A space-time process model for the evolution of DNA sequences, Genetics, 139, 993, 10.1093/genetics/139.2.993 · DOI
  81. J Soubrier, 2012, The influence of rate heterogeneity among sites on the time dependence of molecular rates, Mol Biol Evol, 29, 3345, 10.1093/molbev/mss140 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Simonetti, B., Guo, Q., Giménez-Andrés, M., Chen, K.-E., Moody, E. R. R., Evans, A. J., Chandra, M., Danson, C. M., Williams, T. A., Collins, B. M., & Cullen, P. J.
Venue
PLOS Biology
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2022-04-13
Volume
20
Issue
4
Pages
e3001601
ISSN
1545-7885
DOI
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001601
PMC
PMC9038204
Cited by
55
References
7
Language
en
Update notices
new_version (2022-04-25)
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (104568/Z/14/Z, 220260/Z/20/Z)
  • Medical Research Council (MR/L007363/1, MR/P018807/1)
  • Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
  • Royal Society Noreen Murray Research Professorship (RSRP/R1/211004)
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1136021, APP1156493)
  • Research Fellows Enhancement Award (RGF\EA\180199)
  • Royal Society University Fellowship (URF\R\201024)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review