Altered Olfactory Processing of Stress-Related Body Odors and Artificial Odors in Patients with Panic Disorder
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BACKGROUND: Patients with Panic Disorder (PD) direct their attention towards potential threat, followed by panic attacks, and increased sweat production. Onés own anxiety sweat odor influences the attentional focus, and discrimination of threat or non-threat. Since olfactory projection areas overlap with neuronal areas of a panic-specific fear network, the present study investigated the neuronal processing of odors in general and of stress-related sweat odors in particular in patients with PD. METHODS: A sample of 13 patients with PD with/ without agoraphobia and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent an fMRI investigation during olfactory stimulation with their stress-related sweat odors (TSST, ergometry) as well as artificial odors (peach, artificial sweat) as non-fearful non-body odors. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The two groups did not differ with respect to their olfactory identification ability. Independent of the kind of odor, the patients with PD showed activations in fronto-cortical areas in contrast to the healthy controls who showed activations in olfaction-related areas such as the amygdalae and the hippocampus. For artificial odors, the patients with PD showed a decreased neuronal activation of the thalamus, the posterior cingulate cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Under the presentation of sweat odor caused by ergometric exercise, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, and the cingulate cortex which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology. For the sweat odor from the anxiety condition, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the gyrus frontalis inferior, which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest altered neuronal processing of olfactory stimuli in PD. Both artificial odors and stress-related body odors activate specific parts of a fear-network which is associated with an increased severity of the psychopathology.
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In patients with PD, brain areas involved in the process of anxiety chemosignals are altered.
“In patients with PD, brain areas involved in the process of anxiety chemosignals are altered (Wintermann et al., 2013)”
From The scent of emotions: A systematic review of human intra‐ and interspecific chemical communication of emotions (2020) · cites this paper as Wintermann et al., 2013
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Wunder, A., Ludwig, J., Haertl, T., Arnhardt, S., Schwinn, L., Chellapandian, D. C., Weinmair, E., Mühle, C., Thürauf, N., Kornhuber, J., et al. (2023) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114309 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ethyl acrylate: influence of sex or atopy on perceptual ratings and eye blink frequency
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- Authors
- Wintermann, G.-B., Donix, M., Joraschky, P., Gerber, J., & Petrowski, K.
- Affiliations
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Wintermann, Gloria-Beatrice
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2013-09-24
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e74655
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3782473
- OpenAlex
- W2004726021
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2013-10-15)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- panic disorder, olfactory processing, sweat odor, body odor, fear network, anxiety, agoraphobia, odor identification, amygdala, thalamus, cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, psychopathology severity, fear conditioning
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Male, Odorants, Olfactory Pathways, Philosophy, Stress, Psychological, Case-Control Studies, Ergometry, Panic Disorder, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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