The neural basis of maternal bonding
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that mothers show a different pattern of brain responses when viewing their own compared to other infants. However, there is inconsistency across functional imaging studies regarding the key areas involved, and none have examined relationships between brain and behavioural responses to infants. We examined the brain regions activated when mothers viewed videos of their own infant contrasted with an unknown infant, and whether these are associated with behavioural and self-reported measures of mother-infant relations. METHOD: Twenty right-handed mothers viewed alternating 30-sec blocks of video of own 4-9 month infant and an unfamiliar matched infant, interspersed with neutral video. Whole brain functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) were acquired on a 1.5T Philips Intera scanner using a TR of 2.55 s. Videotaped mother-infant interactions were systematically evaluated blind to family information to generate behavioural measures for correlational analysis. RESULTS: Enhanced blood oxygenation functional imaging responses were found in the own versus unknown infant contrast in the bilateral precuneus, right superior temporal gyrus, right medial and left middle frontal gyri and left amygdala. Positive mother-infant interaction (less directive parent behaviour; more positive/attentive infant behaviour) was significantly associated with greater activation in several regions on viewing own versus unknown infant, particularly the middle frontal gyrus. Mothers' perceived warmth of her infant was correlated with activations in the same contrast, particularly in sensory and visual areas. CONCLUSION: This study partially replicates previous reports of the brain regions activated in mothers in response to the visual presentation of their own infant. It is the first to report associations between mothers' unique neural responses to viewing their own infant with the quality of her concurrent behaviour when interacting with her infant and with her perceptions of infant warmth. These findings provide support for developing fMRI as a potential biomarker of parenting risk and change.
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In mothers with infants aged four to ten months, observation of positive mother-infant interactions was associated with increased response to videos of their own infants versus control infants in the putamen and the inferior and middle frontal gyri.
“In another study of mothers with infants aged four to ten months, the observation of positive mother-infant interactions was associated with increased response to videos of their own infants (vs. control infants) in the putamen and the inferior and middle frontal gyri, areas involved in maternal motivation and regulation of emotions (Wan et al., 2014).”
From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Wan et al., 2014
Self-reported maternal warmth was associated with greater neural responses to videos of their own infants in the precuneus, visual areas, the insula, and the medial frontal gyrus.
“Self-reported maternal warmth was associated with greater neural responses to videos of their own infants in the precuneus, visual areas, the insula, and the medial frontal gyrus.”
From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Wan et al., 2014
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Stress-Sensitive Parental Brain Systems Regulate Emotion Response and Motivate Sensitive Child Care
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Prejudice and Openness to the Other: Investigating Responses to Testimonies of Race-Based Suffering
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A meta-analysis of parent neural responses: The role of child emotion, child age, and parent gender
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A Meta-Analysis of Parent Neural Responses: The Role of Child Emotion, Child Age, and Parent GenderPreprint
Niehaus, C. E., Selma-Toledo, M., Gonçalves, S. F., Mauro, K. L., Fuentes, A. G., Turpyn, C. C., Swain, J. E., Weiner, M., & Chaplin, T. M. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4898258
- Authors
- Wan, M. W., Downey, D., Strachan, H., Elliott, R., Williams, S. R., & Abel, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wan, Ming Wai
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2014-03-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e88436
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3942310
- OpenAlex
- W2024979186
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 12.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
- Keywords
- maternal bonding, mother-infant interaction, infant perception, precuneus, amygdala, middle frontal gyrus, parenting behaviour
- MeSH terms
- Behavior, Brain, Brain Mapping, Breast Feeding, Female, Humans, Infant, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Object Attachment, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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