The Neurobiological Basis of Love: A Meta-Analysis of Human Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Maternal and Passionate Love
Open accessAbstract
Maternal and passionate love are both crucial for reproduction and involve attachment behaviors with high rewards. Neurobiological studies of attachment in animal and human neuroimaging studies have suggested that the coordination of oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic pathways, coupled with the dopaminergic reward system, contribute to the formation and maintenance of maternal and passionate love. In the present study, we carried out a quantitative meta-analysis of human neuroimaging to identify common and dissociable neural substrates associated with maternal and passionate love, using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) approach. The ALE results showed significant activation of the brain regions in the left ventral tegmental area (VTA), right thalamus, left substantia nigra, and the left putamen for maternal love, but in the bilateral VTA for passionate love. The meta-analytic neuroimaging evidence suggests the greater involvement of cognitive–affective regulation in maternal attachment and the greater desire to combine liking and wanting in romantic love behaviors. The conjunction analysis highlights the functional convergence of the VTA across the two types of human love, indicating a shared neurobiological mechanism of maternal and passionate love with evolutionary roots. Our findings suggest that the processing of both maternal and passionate love involve the affective and motivational regulation associated with dopaminergic systems; our neuroimaging evidence supports the notion that maternal and passionate love share a common evolutionary origin and neurobiological basis in the human brain.
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies indicate that the mesolimbic dopamine system is activated as parents of both sexes view pictures of their own children but not pictures of other children, and this activation is enhanced by intranasal oxytocin.
“Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate that the mesolimbic DA system is activated as parents of both sexes view pictures of their own children but not pictures of other children, and this activation is enhanced by IN-OT [40,41,42].”
From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
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- Authors
- Shih, H.-C., Kuo, M.-E., Wu, C., Chao, Y.-P., Huang, H.-W., & Huang, C.-M.
- Affiliations
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (TW)
- Taipei Medical University (TW)
- Chang Gung University (TW)
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Chih-Mao
- Venue
- Brain Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-06-26
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 830
- ISSN
- 2076-3425 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9313376
- OpenAlex
- W4283520400
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CityU Scholars (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology (105-2420-H-009-001-MY2, 107-2410-H-009-028-MY3, 108-2321-B-038-005-MY2)
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B) (105-2420-H-009-001-MY2, 107-2410-H-009-028-MY3, 108-2321-B-038-005-MY2)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- maternal love, passionate love, romantic love, attachment, oxytocin, vasopressin, dopaminergic reward system, ventral tegmental area, thalamus, substantia nigra, putamen
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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