Seeing emotions, reading emotions: Behavioral and ERPs evidence of the regulation of pictures and words
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whilst there has been extensive study of the mechanisms underlying the regulation for pictures, the ability and the mechanisms beyond the regulation of words remains to be clarified. Similarly, the effect of strategy when applying a regulatory process is still poorly explored. The present study seeks to elucidate these issues comparing the effect of regulation and of strategy to both neutral and emotional words and pictures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Thirty young adults applied the strategy of distancing to the emotions elicited by unpleasant and neutral pictures and words while their subjective ratings and ERPs were recorded. At a behavioral level, participants successfully regulated the arousal and the valence of both pictures and words. At a neural level, unpleasant pictures produced an increase in the late positive potential modulated during the regulate condition. Unpleasant linguistic stimuli elicited a posterior negativity as compared to neutral stimuli, but no effect of regulation on ERP was detectable. More importantly, the effect of strategy independently of stimulus type, produced a significant larger Stimulus Preceding Negativity. Dipole reconstruction localized this effect in the middle frontal areas of the brain. CONCLUSIONS: As such, these new psychophysiological findings might help to understand how pictures and words can be regulated by distancing in daily life and clinical contexts, and the neural bases of the effect of strategy for which we suggest an integrative model.
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The present LPP results are in line with results from Krendl et al. and Grecucci, but contrary to the majority of earlier studies which showed a decreased LPP for reappraisal.
“Our results are in line with results from Krendl et al. [39], or Grecucci [40], but contrary to the majority of earlier studies which showed a decreased LPP for reappraisal [36,37,66].”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [40]
The Discussion (page not provided) says Grecucci's study found a marked LPP reduction when participants distanced themselves from emotional pictures. It describes that result as consistent with earlier findings of reduced LPP during down-regulation, not as a contrasting result. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies showed decreased LPP amplitudes after suppression and after reappraisal of negative emotional stimuli.
“Studies showed decreased LPP amplitudes after suppression (e.g., [35]) and after reappraisal of negative emotional stimuli (e.g., [36,37,38] but see [39,40]).”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [40]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Grecucci, A., Sulpizio, S., Tommasello, E., Vespignani, F., & Job, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Trento (IT)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Grecucci, Alessandro
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2019-05-31
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0209461
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6544208
- OpenAlex
- W2947201845
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, distancing strategies, emotional words, emotional pictures, event-related potentials, late positive potential, stimulus-preceding negativity, valence and arousal, middle frontal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Emotional Regulation, Brain, Electroencephalography, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Photography, Psychophysiology, Vocabulary, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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