Endotoxin-induced changes in human working and declarative memory associate with cleavage of plasma “readthrough” acetylcholinesterase.
Abstract
Endotoxin stimulation of the immune system produces marked alterations in memory functioning. However, molecular links between this cognitive response and infection-responding neurotransmission pathways are still unknown. The cytokine and memory responses of volunteers injected with 0.8 ng/kg Salmonella endotoxin were compared with changes in plasma levels and integrity of the stress-induced acetylcholinesterase variant, AChE-R. Vascular endothelial cells were found to express AChE-R messenger RNA and protein both in healthy and inflamed human tissues. Plasma AChE activity was reduced after endotoxin treatment, but not placebo treatment, parallel to the decline in cortisol after the endotoxin-induced peak and inversely to the accumulation of a C-terminal immunopositive AChE-R peptide of 36 amino acid residues. AChE-R cleavage coincided with significant endotoxin-induced improvement in working memory and impairment in declarative memory. By 3 h posttreatment, working memory improvement was negatively correlated with AChE-R cleavage, which showed association to proinflammatory cytokine levels. By 9 h posttreatment, declarative memory impairment was negatively correlated with AChE-R cleavage and positively correlated with the suppressed AChE activity. Endotoxin-induced peripheral cholinergic stress responses are hence associated with greater impairment in declarative memory and lower improvement in working memory, pointing at AChE-R as a surrogate marker of psychoneuroimmunological stress.
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Human experimental studies employing LPS-induced immune activation reported either increased, no, or decreased cognitive performance after LPS administration.
“Experimental approaches in humans, employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune activation to investigate the effects of a peripheral inflammatory response on learning and memory reported either increased [24], no [25], [26], [27] or decreased [28] cognitive performance after LPS administration.”
From Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on neurobehavioral functions in humans (2011) · cites this paper as [24]
Data in humans so far reported inconsistent results of experimental endotoxemia with a significant improvement or no effect on working memory.
“However, data in humans so far reported inconsistent results of experimental endotoxemia with a significant improvement [24] or no effect on working memory [25], [27].”
From Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on neurobehavioral functions in humans (2011) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental data in humans are controversial, either reporting impaired or unaffected declarative memory performance after LPS administration.
“However, experimental data in humans are controversial, either reporting impaired [24], [28] or unaffected declarative memory performance [25], [26], [27] after LPS administration.”
From Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on neurobehavioral functions in humans (2011) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Cohen, O., Reichenberg, A., Perry, C., Ginzberg, D., Pollmächer, T., Soreq, H., & Yirmiya, R.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Soreq, Hermona
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 199-212
- ISSN
- 0895-8696 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139402373
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- endotoxin, Salmonella endotoxin, working memory, declarative memory, inflammatory cytokines, cortisol, psychoneuroimmunology, vascular endothelial cells, memory impairment
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Endotoxins, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Memory, Memory Disorders, Peptide Fragments, Reaction Time, RNA, Messenger, Stress, Physiological, Neuroimmunomodulation, Biomarkers, Cytokines
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