The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
No Pain, No Gain: A Critical Review of the Literature on Signaling Unobservable Product Quality
Abstract
Recent research in information economics has focused on signals as mechanisms to solve problems that arise under asymmetric information. A firm or individual credibly communicates the level of some unobservable element in a transaction by providing an observable signal. When applied to conveying product quality information, this issue is of particular interest to the discipline of marketing. In this article, the authors focus on the ways a firm may signal the unobservable quality of its products through several marketing-mix variables. The authors develop a typology that classifies signals and discuss the available empirical evidence on the signaling properties of several marketing variables. They consider managerial implications of signaling and outline an agenda for future empirical research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism
Akerlof, G. A. (1970) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1879431 · Cited by 23,016
Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1989.4279003 · Cited by 13,338
Free competition and the optimal amount of fraud
Darby, M. R., & Karni, E. (1973) · The Journal of Law and Economics · doi:10.1086/466756 · Cited by 3,947 · cited 1×
“There fore, signals are unlikely to convey quality for credence products, whose quality is not discernible even after pur chase and use (Darby and Kami 1973).”
BackgroundRiley, J. G. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914187 · Cited by 616
Research works printed but not linked: 61
- 10.1086/208929 · DOI
- 10.2307/2555397 · DOI
- Bagwell Kyle, 1991, American Economic Review, 81, 224
- 10.1177/002224299205600301 · DOI · Paper page
- Bettman James R., 1979, An Information Processing Theory of Consumer Choice.
- 10.2307/1885346 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/209337 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0167-7187(95)00478-5 · DOI
- 10.2307/1885060 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1287/mksc.11.4.327 · DOI
- 10.1287/mksc.13.2.177 · DOI
- 10.2307/2555592 · DOI · Paper page
- Davis Scott, 1997, “Accounting for Consumer Expectations in the Choice of Price and Quality,”
- 10.1023/A:1007963128115 · DOI
- 10.1177/002224379803500305 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1207/s15327663jcp0702_02 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224378502200210 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/466995 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224299405800306 · DOI
- 10.2307/2555760 · DOI
- 10.1086/296482 · DOI
- 10.1177/009207038801600211 · DOI
- 10.1086/261235 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/208546 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1080/00913367.1997.10673530 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/209220 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1515/9780691215747 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1287/mksc.16.2.112 · DOI
- 10.2307/2555691 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1287/mksc.14.4.417 · DOI
- 10.1086/261408 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224379803500301 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0167-7187(90)90029-Z · DOI
- 10.1086/296556 · DOI
- 10.1086/260231 · DOI · Paper page
- Padmanabhan V., 1995, Sloan Management Review, 37, 65
- 10.1086/209377 · DOI
- 10.1177/002224298304700204 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/795882 · DOI
- Rao Akshay R., 1993, Pricing Strategy & Practice: An International Journal, 1, 4
- 10.1086/209311 · DOI
- Rao Akshay R., 2000, Harvard Business Review, 78
- Rao Akshay R., 2000, “The Price of Launching a New Product: Empirical Evidence on the Use of Slotting Allowances,”
- 10.1086/209162 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224378902600309 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/209703 · DOI
- 10.1177/002224379903600209 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224299706100403 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/j.1745-6606.1976.tb00570.x · DOI
- 10.2307/1885326 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/260683 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/2601011 · DOI
- 10.2307/1882010 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2307/2296908 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/002224379603300405 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/467380 · DOI
- 10.1287/mksc.6.3.240 · DOI · Paper page
- Tirole Jean, 1989, The Theory of Industrial Organization.
- 10.2307/2555667 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1086/208513 · DOI
- 10.2307/2297767 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Signaling Theory: A Review and Assessment
Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310388419 · Cited by 6,735
Pavlou, P. A., Liang, H., & Xue, Y. (2007) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/25148783 · Cited by 2,646
The price is unfair! A conceptual framework of price fairness perceptions
Xia, L., Monroe, K. B., & Cox, J. L. (2004) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.68.4.1.42733 · Cited by 1,474
Filieri, R. (2015) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.11.006 · Cited by 1,083
Schlosser, A. E., White, T. B., & Lloyd, S. M. (2006) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jmkg.70.2.133 · Cited by 947
On Product Uncertainty in Online Markets: Theory and Evidence1
Dimoka, A., Hong, Y., & Pavlou, P. A. (2012) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/41703461 · Cited by 682
Atkinson, L., & Rosenthal, S. (2014) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2013.834803 · Cited by 620
A Comparison of Online Trust Building Factors between Potential Customers and Repeat Customers
National University of Singapore, S., Kim, H.-W., Xu, Y., National University of Singapore, S., Koh, J., & Electronics, S. (2004) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00056 · Cited by 452
Wood, S. L. (2001) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.38.2.157.18847 · Cited by 434
Does Twitter matter? The impact of microblogging word of mouth on consumers’ adoption of new movies
Hennig-Thurau, T., Wiertz, C., & Feldhaus, F. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0388-3 · Cited by 434
Generativity Tension and Value Creation in Platform Ecosystems
Cennamo, C., & Santaló, J. (2019) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2018.1270 · Cited by 408
Credibility: A multidisciplinary framework
Rieh, S. Y., & Danielson, D. R. (2007) · Annual Review of Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/aris.2007.1440410114 · Cited by 336
Judging a product by its cover: Packaging sustainability and perceptions of quality in food products
Magnier, L., Schoormans, J., & Mugge, R. (2016) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.06.006 · Cited by 295
Biswas, D., & Biswas, A. (2004) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1002/dir.20010 · Cited by 294
Signaling the Trustworthiness of Small Online Retailers
Wang, S., Beatty, S. E., & Foxx, W. (2004) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1002/dir.10071 · Cited by 287
The dual role of price: Decomposing consumers’ reactions to price
Völckner, F. (2008) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-007-0076-7 · Cited by 160
Chen, X., Huang, Q., Davison, R. M., & Hua, Z. (2015) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10864415.2016.1087828 · Cited by 156
Stock, R. M. (2011) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-010-0215-4 · Cited by 122
Riskos, K., Dekoulou, P. (., Mylonas, N., & Tsourvakas, G. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13126867 · Cited by 116
Liu, F., Xiao, B., Lim, E. T. K., & Tan, C.-W. (2017) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-09-2016-0280 · Cited by 100
Mou, J., & Shin, D. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.049 · Cited by 99
Kim, K., & Kim, J. (2011) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.003 · Cited by 97
Wang, Y., Zhu, Q., Krikke, H., & Hazen, B. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120275 · Cited by 89
Tandon, U., Mittal, A., & Manohar, S. (2021) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-020-00436-1 · Cited by 81
The leniency of return policy and consumers' repurchase intention in online retailing
Wang, Y., Anderson, J., Joo, S.-J., & Huscroft, J. R. (2019) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-01-2019-0016 · Cited by 80
The Signals that Potential Contributors Look for When Choosing Open-source Projects
Qiu, H. S., Li, Y. L., Padala, S., Sarma, A., & Vasilescu, B. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3359224 · Cited by 75
Curbing shopping cart abandonment in C2C markets — an uncertainty reduction approach
Tang, H., & Lin, X. (2019) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-018-0313-6 · Cited by 56
Exploring the impact of social axioms on firm reputation: a stakeholder perspective
West, B., Hillenbrand, C., Money, K., Ghobadian, A., & Ireland, R. D. (2016) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12153 · Cited by 40
Guo, B., & Wang, D. (2024) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/00222437231153075 · Cited by 36
Munzel, A. (2015) · Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) · doi:10.1177/2051570715604155 · Cited by 24
Debt for brands: tracking down a bias in financing photovoltaic projects in Germany
Lüdeke-Freund, F., & Loock, M. (2011) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.04.006 · Cited by 21
(2014) · CityU Scholars · Cited by 8
Barakat Ali, M. A. (2022) · International Business Research · doi:10.5539/ibr.v15n7p30 · Cited by 7
Desta, E., & Amantie, C. (2024) · International Journal of Business and Economics Research · doi:10.11648/j.ijber.20241302.11 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Kirmani, A., & Rao, A. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 66-79
- ISSN
- 0022-2429 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-7185
- OpenAlex
- W2179200719
- Cited by
- 2,144
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 60.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.