Diminished repetition suppression reveals selective and systems-level face processing differences in ASD
Open accessAbstract
Repeated exposure to a stimulus results in reduced neural response, or repetition suppression, in brain regions responsible for processing that stimulus. This rapid accommodation to repetition is thought to underlie learning, stimulus selectivity, and strengthening of perceptual expectations. Importantly, reduced sensitivity to repetition has been identified in several neurodevelopmental, learning, and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Reduced ability to exploit or learn from repetition in ASD is hypothesized to contribute to sensory hypersensitivities, and parallels several theoretical frameworks claiming that ASD individuals show difficulty using regularities in the environment to facilitate behavior. Using fMRI in autistic and neurotypical human adults (females and males), we assessed the status of repetition suppression across two modalities (vision, audition) and with four stimulus categories (faces, objects, printed words, and spoken words). ASD individuals showed domain-specific reductions in repetition suppression for face stimuli only, but not for objects, printed words, or spoken words. Reduced repetition suppression for faces was associated with greater challenges in social communication in ASD. We also found altered functional connectivity between atypically adapting cortical regions and higher-order face recognition regions, and microstructural differences in related white matter tracts in ASD. These results suggest that fundamental neural mechanisms and system-wide circuits are selectively altered for face processing in ASD and enhance our understanding of how disruptions in the formation of stable face representations may relate to higher-order social communication processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA common finding in neuroscience is that repetition results in plasticity in stimulus-specific processing regions, reflecting selectivity and adaptation (repetition suppression [RS]). RS is reduced in several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Theoretical frameworks of ASD posit that reduced adaptation may contribute to associated challenges in social communication and sensory processing. However, the scope of RS differences in ASD is unknown. We examined RS for multiple categories across visual and auditory domains (faces, objects, printed words, spoken words) in autistic and neurotypical individuals. We found reduced RS in ASD for face stimuli only and altered functional connectivity and white matter microstructure between cortical face-recognition areas. RS magnitude correlated with social communication challenges among autistic individuals.
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D'Mello et al. (2023) replicated the pattern: autistic adults had reduced repetition suppression for faces along with unchanged repetition suppression for objects, printed or spoken words.
“D’Mello et al. (2023) replicated this pattern: autistic adults had reduced repetition suppression for faces along with unchanged repetition suppression for objects, printed or spoken words.”
From Are prediction error modifications domain specific in autism but domain general in ADHD? (2025) · cites this paper as D’Mello et al. (2023)
Comparable neural correlates of RS to colour and emotion combinations of faces in autistic participants extend previous findings demonstrating reduced RS for faces in autism.
“Comparable neural correlates of RS to colour and emotion combinations of faces in our autistic participants extend previous findings demonstrating reduced RS for faces in autism (D’Mello et al., 2023; Ewbank et al., 2017).”
From Are prediction error modifications domain specific in autism but domain general in ADHD? (2025) · cites this paper as D’Mello et al., 2023
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Are prediction error modifications domain specific in autism but domain general in ADHD?
Plank, I. S., Yurova, A., Pior, A., Nowak, J., Bierlich, A. M., Papazov, B., Shi, Z., & Falter-Wagner, C. M. (2025) · Imaging neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.942 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“D’Mello et al. (2023) replicated this pattern: autistic adults had reduced repetition suppression for faces along with unchanged repetition suppression for objects, printed or spoken words.”
- Authors
- D'Mello, A. M., Frosch, I. R., Meisler, S. L., Grotzinger, H., Perrachione, T. K., & Gabrieli, J. D. E.
- Affiliations
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2023-02-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1952-1962
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC10027049
- OpenAlex
- W4319663069
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (F32 MH117933)
- Simons Center for the Social Brain (Postdoctoral Fellowship)
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (Young Investigator Grant)
- HHS | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (T32 DC000038)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, repetition suppression, face processing, face recognition (cognition), social communication, functional connectivity, white matter microstructure, sensory adaptation, neurodevelopmental disorders, auditory processing, visual processing, perceptual learning
- MeSH terms
- Facial Recognition, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male
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