Adult Ependymal Cells Are Postmitotic and Are Derived from Radial Glial Cells during Embryogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Ependymal cells on the walls of brain ventricles play essential roles in the transport of CSF and in brain homeostasis. It has been suggested that ependymal cells also function as stem cells. However, the proliferative capacity of mature ependymal cells remains controversial, and the developmental origin of these cells is not known. Using confocal or electron microscopy (EM) of adult mice that received bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or [ 3 H]thymidine for several weeks, we found no evidence that ependymal cells proliferate. In contrast, ependymal cells were labeled by BrdU administration during embryonic development. The majority of them are born between embryonic day 14 (E14) and E16. Interestingly, we found that the maturation of ependymal cells and the formation of cilia occur significantly later, during the first postnatal week. We analyzed the early postnatal ventricular zone at the EM and found a subpopulation of radial glia in various stages of transformation into ependymal cells. These cells often had deuterosomes. To directly test whether radial glia give rise to ependymal cells, we used a Cre-lox recombination strategy to genetically tag radial glia in the neonatal brain and follow their progeny. We found that some radial glia in the lateral ventricular wall transform to give rise to mature ependymal cells. This work identifies the time of birth and early stages in the maturation of ependymal cells and demonstrates that these cells are derived from radial glia. Our results indicate that ependymal cells are born in the embryonic and early postnatal brain and that they do not divide after differentiation. The postmitotic nature of ependymal cells strongly suggests that these cells do not function as neural stem cells in the adult.
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PTBP1 loss may induce precocious differentiation of radial glial cells into neurons, depleting the radial glial cell pool that later gives rise to ependymal cells.
“PTBP1 loss may induce the precocious differentiation of radial glial cells into neurons, thereby depleting the radial glial cell pool that later gives rise to ependymal cells25”
From The neurogenetics of alternative splicing (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Spassky, N., Merkle, F. T., Flames, N., Tramontin, A. D., García-Verdugo, J. M., & Alvarez-Buylla, A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-01-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-18
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6725217
- OpenAlex
- W2109838864
- Cited by
- 717
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 7.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NS28478, HD-32116)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 00278-01, T32AG000278)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA094143)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R37NS028478, NS-28478, R01NS028478)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD32116, R37HD032116, R01HD032116)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- ependymal cells, radial glia, postmitotic cells, cell proliferation, embryonic origin, ventricular zone, lateral ventricle, neural stem cells, lineage tracing, Cre-loxP recombination, BrdU labeling, postnatal development
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Bromodeoxyuridine, Cell Differentiation, Cell Nucleus, Cilia, Ependyma, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Mitosis, S100 Proteins, Neuroglia, Stem Cells, Thymidine, Time Factors, Tritium, Organelles, Cell Lineage, Amino Acid Transport System X-AG, Symporters, Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice
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