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Efficiency of Functional Brain Networks and Intellectual Performance
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Our brain is a complex network in which information is continuously processed and transported between spatially distributed but functionally linked regions. Recent studies have shown that the functional connections of the brain network are organized in a highly efficient small-world manner, indicating a high level of local neighborhood clustering, together with the existence of more long-distance connections that ensure a high level of global communication efficiency within the overall network. Such an efficient network architecture of our functional brain raises the question of a possible association between how efficiently the regions of our brain are functionally connected and our level of intelligence. Examining the overall organization of the brain network using graph analysis, we show a strong negative association between the normalized characteristic path length lambda of the resting-state brain network and intelligence quotient (IQ). This suggests that human intellectual performance is likely to be related to how efficiently our brain integrates information between multiple brain regions. Most pronounced effects between normalized path length and IQ were found in frontal and parietal regions. Our findings indicate a strong positive association between the global efficiency of functional brain networks and intellectual performance.
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The brain exhibits distinct patterns of activity organization, with segregated yet integrated modules that dynamically interact during rest and task-based activity.
“advancements in the study of structural and functional connectomics have provided substantial evidence of distinct patterns of brain activity organization, with segregated, yet integrated modules that dynamically interact during rest and task-based activity (van den Heuvel et al. 2009; Eickhoff et al. 2011; Laird et al. 2013; Raichle 2015; Margulies et al. 2016; Basile et al. 2022a)”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as van den Heuvel et al. 2009
The Introduction describes specialized, functionally linked regions with coherent temporal dynamics and a small-world network combining local clustering with global integration. The Data acquisition and Graph analysis sections examine resting-state activity; the paper does not establish that modules dynamically interact during task-based activity. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus (among other regions) have the greatest effect on network organization and global network efficiency.
“the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus (among other regions) were identified as having the greatest effect on network organization and global network efficiency.”
From Graph theory analysis of complex brain networks: new concepts in brain mapping applied to neurosurgery (2016) · cites this paper as [98]
The Results and Figure 3 identify the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus/posterior cingulate among the regions with the strongest associations between IQ and node-specific path length. The Discussion says efficient hub nodes are *likely* to have a stronger effect on global network efficiency, but the study does not establish that these regions have the greatest effect on network organization or global efficiency. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn experiments examining intelligence and network topology, higher IQ was negatively correlated with path length but not with clustering or overall connectivity.
“Experiments examining intelligence and network topology found that a higher IQ was negatively correlated with path length but not with clustering or overall connectivity.98”
From Graph theory analysis of complex brain networks: new concepts in brain mapping applied to neurosurgery (2016) · cites this paper as [98]
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Metadata
- Authors
- van den Heuvel, M. P., Stam, C. J., Kahn, R. S., & Hulshoff Pol, H. E.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-06-10
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 7619-7624
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6665421
- OpenAlex
- W2165985389
- Cited by
- 1,078
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 94 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 27.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- functional brain networks, small-world networks, global efficiency, average path length, intelligence quotient, resting-state functional connectivity, graph theory, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, information integration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Cluster Analysis, Linear Models
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