Evidence That Synaptically Released β-Amyloid Accumulates as Extracellular Deposits in the Hippocampus of Transgenic Mice
Open accessAbstract
A neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides in senile plaques in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Abeta is derived from larger integral membrane proteins termed amyloid precursor proteins (APP). We demonstrated previously that APP, synthesized by neurons in the entorhinal cortex, is transported via the perforant pathway to presynaptic terminals in the dentate gyrus. We reported that, although full-length APP and membrane-tethered, C-terminal APP derivatives (APP-CTFs) accumulate at terminal fields, the production of Abeta peptides at these sites was indeterminate. To test the hypothesis that APP-CTFs, generated from axonally transported APP, are further metabolized to Abeta peptides that are subsequently released and deposited proximal to nerve terminals, we created unilateral knife lesions of the perforant pathway of transgenic mice that exhibit hippocampal amyloid deposits. We observed pronounced reductions in amyloid burden in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus, findings that lead us to conclude that axonally transported APP gives rise to Abeta peptides that are released from presynaptic sites in the dentate gyrus and deposited in extracellular plaques. Moreover, our findings are consistent with the view that Abeta deposits are dynamic structures and that the perforant path lesion alters the equilibrium between Abeta production-deposition toward clearance as a consequence of blocked axonal transport of APP from the entorhinal cortex to terminal fields in the hippocampus.
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Amyloid beta aggregation usually starts in presynaptic axon terminals, where amyloid precursor protein is transported by vesicles and becomes enriched.
“The Aβ aggregation usually starts in the presynaptic axon terminals, where APP is transported by vesicles and becomes enriched [33, 42, 53].”
From Abnormal accumulation of extracellular vesicles in hippocampal dystrophic axons and regulation by the primary cilia in Alzheimer's disease (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
The Abstract (page unavailable) says APP is transported to presynaptic terminals, where APP and its derivatives accumulate. It concludes that Aβ is released from those sites and deposited in extracellular plaques. It does not establish that Aβ aggregation usually begins inside presynaptic terminals or specify that APP is transported by vesicles; the Discussion (page unavailable) says the origin of the deposited Aβ peptides remains unclear. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMost neuronal amyloid beta is secreted at presynaptic terminals, thus favouring plaque deposition in the grey matter.
“The lower abundance of plaques in the white matter could further be explained by the evidence that most neuronal Aβ is secreted at presynaptic terminals, thus favouring plaque deposition in the grey matter [50,51].”
From Selective suppression of oligodendrocyte-derived amyloid beta rescues neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (2024) · cites this paper as [50]
The Abstract reports that Aβ released from presynaptic sites in the dentate gyrus is deposited in extracellular plaques. The Discussion calls synaptic release a principal contributor to deposition but acknowledges limits to that conclusion. The paper does not establish that most neuronal Aβ is secreted at presynaptic terminals or compare plaque deposition in grey and white matter; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmyloid plaque loading is known to be high in the hippocampus.
“Similar to the cortex, amyloid plaque loading is known to be high in hippocampus (Lazarov et al., 2002; Vyas et al., 2020).”
From Age-dependent microstructure alterations in 5xFAD mice by high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (2022) · cites this paper as Lazarov et al., 2002
Plaques appear to form from Aβ released at the neuron terminal.
“In addition, plaques appear to form from A 𝛃 released at the neuron terminal (Lazarov et al., 2002; Sheng et al., 2002), considered to be a major site of A 𝛃 generation and secretion.”
From Intraneuronal β-Amyloid Aggregates, Neurodegeneration, and Neuron Loss in Transgenic Mice with Five Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations: Potential Factors in Amyloid Plaque Formation (2006) · cites this paper as Lazarov et al., 2002
Amyloid pathology might be gradually transmitted through connected brain structures.
“Some studies have indicated that amyloid pathology might be gradually transmitted through connected brain structures [10, 69, 84, 96], by mechanisms that are still under investigation.”
From Senescence-related impairment of autophagy induces toxic intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation in a mouse model of amyloid pathology (2023) · cites this paper as [69]
Lesioning the perforant pathway reduces plaque pathology at terminal synaptic fields in the hippocampus.
“Lesioning of the perforant pathway originating in the early AD prone entorhinal cortex leads to reduced plaque pathology at terminal synaptic fields in the hippocampus [96, 171].”
From Intraneuronal β-amyloid accumulation and synapse pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (2010) · cites this paper as [96]
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“In addition, plaques appear to form from A released at the neuron terminal (Lazarov et al., 2002; Sheng et al., 2002), considered to be a major site of A generation and secretion.”
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Axonal transport of APP and the spatial regulation of APP cleavage and function in neuronal cells
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Inhibition of APP Trafficking by Tau Protein Does Not Increase the Generation of Amyloid‐β Peptides
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Age-dependent microstructure alterations in 5xFAD mice by high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging
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“Similar to the cortex, amyloid plaque loading is known to be high in hippocampus (Lazarov et al., 2002; Vyas et al., 2020).”
Background
- Authors
- Lazarov, O., Lee, M., Peterson, D. A., & Sisodia, S. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2002-11-15
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 9785-9793
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6757836
- OpenAlex
- W1955491145
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ellison Medical Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (AG-20047-02, R01AG021494, AG-021494, R01AG020047)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- amyloid-beta, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid precursor protein, axonal transport, perforant path, dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, presynaptic terminals, extracellular amyloid deposition, amyloid plaques, transgenic mice, amyloid-beta clearance
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Axonal Transport, Disease Models, Animal, Extracellular Space, Gliosis, Hippocampus, Humans, Mice, Transgenic, Stereotaxic Techniques, Synapses, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Neurites, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Dentate Gyrus, Perforant Pathway, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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