Neuronal calcium mishandling and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
Perturbed neuronal Ca(2+) homeostasis is implicated in age-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). With advancing age, neurons encounter increased oxidative stress and impaired energy metabolism, which compromise the function of proteins that control membrane excitability and subcellular Ca(2+) dynamics. Toxic forms of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) can induce Ca(2+) influx into neurons by inducing membrane-associated oxidative stress or by forming an oligomeric pore in the membrane, thereby rendering neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity and apoptosis. AD-causing mutations in the beta-amyloid precursor protein and presenilins can compromise these normal proteins in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Emerging knowledge of the actions of Ca(2+) upstream and downstream of Abeta provides opportunities to develop novel preventative and therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Glucose metabolism is significantly impaired in Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment brains.
“Yet glucose metabolism in AD and aMCI brains is significantly impaired5–7,9,38.”
From Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
The section ‘Amyloid β-Peptide Promotes Ca2+ Influx and Ca2+-Mediated Excitotoxicity’ says Aβ-related damage impairs neuronal glucose transporters, supporting a connection between AD pathology and impaired glucose handling. The paper does not report significantly impaired brain glucose metabolism in both AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment; its ‘Synapses: the Weakest Link’ section discusses MCI in relation to synaptic dysfunction instead. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAβ may increase cytosolic calcium levels and impair mitochondrial calcium buffering functions through plasma membrane receptors and calcium channels, enhanced ER calcium release, and the mitochondrial inner membrane calcium channel MCU, leading to mitochondrial calcium overload, CypD relocation, mPTP formation, inhibition of ATP synthesis, and activation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
“Aβ may increase cytosolic calcium levels and impair mitochondrial calcium buffering functions through various pathways including plasma membrane receptors and calcium channels,291 enhanced ER calcium release,292 and the mitochondrial inner membrane calcium channel MCU.293,294 This leads to mitochondrial calcium overload, causing cyclophilin D (CypD) to relocate from the mitochondrial matrix to the”
From Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. (2024) · cites this paper as [291]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGlucose metabolism is markedly reduced in Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
“in AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) glucose metabolism is dramatically decreased”
From Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
The section ‘Amyloid β-Peptide Promotes Ca2+ Influx and Ca2+-Mediated Excitotoxicity’ describes impaired glucose transporters, while ‘Synapses: the Weakest Link’ discusses patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. Neither reports that glucose metabolism is markedly reduced in AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment; searches for those terms found no such passage. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance are closely related.
“Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance are intimately related7,38.”
From Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
The “Calcium Stability in the Face of Adversity” box discusses impaired mitochondrial calcium handling in Alzheimer’s disease, but does not connect it to insulin resistance. Searches of our full-text copy for “insulin resistance” and “insulin” found no passage addressing that relationship; page numbers were not available. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBrain insulin resistance is common in Alzheimer disease.
“Brain insulin resistance is common in AD7,38,41.”
From Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
The Abstract and the section on neuronal Ca2+ signaling discuss calcium dysregulation and impaired energy metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease, not brain insulin resistance. Searches for “brain insulin resistance,” “insulin signaling,” and “insulin” found no passage stating that insulin resistance is common in AD. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Expression of calbindin D-28k (CB) prevents some of the elevation in resting Ca2+ levels induced by Aβ.
“expression of CB prevents some of the elevation in resting Ca2+ levels induced by Aβ [59].”
From ApoE, ApoE Receptors, and the Synapse in Alzheimer's Disease (2017) · cites this paper as [59]
During aging, impaired proteostasis and energy production plus increased oxidative damage compromise subcellular Ca2+ handling, which may lead to caspase-regulated apoptosis and PARP1-mediated neuronal death.
“During aging, the neurons suffer impaired proteostasis and energy production as well as increased oxidative damage, resulting in compromised subcellular Ca2+ handling, which may lead to caspase-regulated apoptosis and PARP1-mediated neuronal death (Bezprozvanny and Mattson, 2008; Mairet-Coello et al., 2013).”
From NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (2019) · cites this paper as Bezprozvanny and Mattson, 2008
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“290 A β may increase cytosolic calcium levels and impair mitochondrial calcium buffering functions through various pathways including plasma membrane receptors and calcium channels, 291 enhanced ER calcium release, 292 and the mitochondrial inner membrane calcium channel MCU.”
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Deleterious Effects of Amyloid β Oligomers Acting as an Extracellular Scaffold for mGluR5
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Synapses and Alzheimer's Disease
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PSEN1 Mutant iPSC-Derived Model Reveals Severe Astrocyte Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease
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“Besides, Ab is also reported to trigger NMDA-mediated Ca influx, excitotoxicity, and stress-related signaling pathways in neurons which may exacerbate aging-related increases in oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, and defective Ca homeostasis [2].”
BackgroundOxidative stress and β-amyloid protein in Alzheimer’s disease
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BackgroundA three-step model for the synaptic recruitment of AMPA receptors
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- Authors
- Bezprozvanny, I., & Mattson, M. P.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mattson, Mark P.
- ORCID
- Mattson, Mark P.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 454-463
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2566585
- OpenAlex
- W2000075190
- Cited by
- 938
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 6.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (Z01AG000312)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS056224, R01 NS38082, R01NS038082)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, neuronal calcium homeostasis, calcium mishandling, amyloid-beta, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, apoptosis, presenilin mutations, endoplasmic reticulum, pore formation, age-related cognitive impairment, energy metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Calcium, Humans, Neurons, Synapses, Signal Transduction, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Calcium Signaling, Presenilins
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