Synaptic Activity Regulates Interstitial Fluid Amyloid-β Levels In Vivo
Open accessAbstract
Aggregation of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide in the extracellular space of the brain is central to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Abeta aggregation is concentration dependent and brain region specific. Utilizing in vivo microdialysis concurrently with field potential recordings, we demonstrate that Abeta levels in the brain interstitial fluid are dynamically and directly influenced by synaptic activity on a timescale of minutes to hours. Using an acute brain slice model, we show that the rapid effects of synaptic activity on Abeta levels are primarily related to synaptic vesicle exocytosis. These results suggest that synaptic activity may modulate a neurodegenerative disease process, in this case by influencing Abeta metabolism and ultimately region-specific Abeta deposition. The findings also have important implications for treatment development.
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Most neuronal amyloid beta is secreted at presynaptic terminals, thus favouring plaque deposition in the grey matter.
“The lower abundance of plaques in the white matter could further be explained by the evidence that most neuronal Aβ is secreted at presynaptic terminals, thus favouring plaque deposition in the grey matter [50,51].”
From Selective suppression of oligodendrocyte-derived amyloid beta rescues neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (2024) · cites this paper as [51]
Depolarization and subsequent synaptic transmission causes Aβ to be produced presynaptically and then secreted into the brain extracellular fluid or interstitial fluid (ISF).
“Depolarization and subsequent synaptic transmission causes Aβ to be produced presynaptically and then secreted into the brain extracellular fluid or interstitial fluid (ISF) (4–6).”
From Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) dramatically reduces neuronal activity and ISF Aβ levels in vivo.
“TTX dramatically reduces neuronal activity and ISF Aβ levels in vivo (5).”
From Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
Synaptic activity is one key regulator of brain Aβ production.
“Synaptic activity is one key regulator of brain Aβ production.”
From Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
Synaptic activity regulates Aβ levels through a presynaptic mechanism that is dependent on APP endocytosis and cleavage.
“Synaptic activity is known to regulate Aβ levels through a presynaptic mechanism that is dependent on APP endocytosis and cleavage (4, 5) and through neurotransmitter-activated second messenger signaling pathways that alter APP processing into Aβ (7, 11, 12, 31).”
From Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
APP and Aβ homeostasis are exquisitely regulated processes, and bioenergetic metabolism regulates these processes.
“Overall, we feel we can confidently state APP and Aβ homeostasis are exquisitely regulated processes, and bioenergetic metabolism regulates these processes.”
From The Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: progress and perspectives (2014) · cites this paper as [181]
Although aggregates have been considered toxic, soluble Aβ at physiological levels has biological functions, including enhancement of long-term potentiation, stimulation of neuronal differentiation, improvement of brain recovery from injuries, inhibition of oxidative stress, antimicrobial activity, and tumor suppression.
“Although the aggregates have been considered to be toxic, soluble Aβ at physiological levels have been identified to have biological functions, including enhancement of long-term potentiation (LTP),355–358 stimulation of neuronal differentiation,359 improvement of the brain’s ability to recover from injuries,360–363 inhibition of oxidative stress,364 antimicrobial activity365 and tumor suppression”
From Amyloid β-based therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: Challenges, successes and future (2023) · cites this paper as [355]
Extracellular occurrence of oligomers is consistent with the rapid outpouring of Aβ, and perhaps small oligomers, into brain interstitial fluid, measured by microdialysis in mouse models and humans.
“Extracellular occurrence of oligomers is consistent with the rapid outpouring of Aβ, and perhaps small oligomers, into brain interstitial fluid, measured by microdialysis in mouse models and humans (Cirrito et al., 2005; Kang et al., 2007; Kang et al., 2009).”
From The Aβ oligomer hypothesis for synapse failure and memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease (2011) · cites this paper as Cirrito et al., 2005
Synaptic activity increases secretion of Aβ in hippocampal slices and living rodent brain.
“Synaptic activity has been shown to increase the secretion of Aβ in hippocampal slices and living rodent brain [26, 85].”
From Intraneuronal β-amyloid accumulation and synapse pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Cirrito, J. R., Yamada, K. A., Finn, M. B., Sloviter, R. S., Bales, K. R., May, P. C., Schoepp, D. D., Paul, S. M., Mennerick, S., & Holtzman, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Holtzman, David M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 913-922
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046952010
- Cited by
- 1,265
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 15.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG11355, AG13956, P01AG011355)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA70261)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- amyloid-beta, synaptic activity, interstitial fluid, Alzheimer's disease, synaptic vesicle exocytosis, amyloid-beta metabolism, microdialysis, field potential recording
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Exocytosis, Female, Hippocampus, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Nerve Degeneration, Synaptic Transmission, Organ Culture Techniques, Synaptic Vesicles, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Microdialysis, Presynaptic Terminals, Mice, Knockout, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Perforant Pathway, Extracellular Fluid, Mice, Plaque, Amyloid
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