Early-course unmedicated schizophrenia patients exhibit elevated prefrontal connectivity associated with longitudinal change
Open accessAbstract
Strong evidence implicates prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a major source of functional impairment in severe mental illness such as schizophrenia. Numerous schizophrenia studies report deficits in PFC structure, activation, and functional connectivity in patients with chronic illness, suggesting that deficient PFC functional connectivity occurs in this disorder. However, the PFC functional connectivity patterns during illness onset and its longitudinal progression remain uncharacterized. Emerging evidence suggests that early-course schizophrenia involves increased PFC glutamate, which might elevate PFC functional connectivity. To test this hypothesis, we examined 129 non-medicated, human subjects diagnosed with early-course schizophrenia and 106 matched healthy human subjects using both whole-brain data-driven and hypothesis-driven PFC analyses of resting-state fMRI. We identified increased PFC connectivity in early-course patients, predictive of symptoms and diagnostic classification, but less evidence for "hypoconnectivity." At the whole-brain level, we observed "hyperconnectivity" around areas centered on the default system, with modest overlap with PFC-specific effects. The PFC hyperconnectivity normalized for a subset of the sample followed longitudinally (n = 25), which also predicted immediate symptom improvement. Biologically informed computational modeling implicates altered overall connection strength in schizophrenia. The initial hyperconnectivity, which may decrease longitudinally, could have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Ketamine infusion in healthy volunteers may better mimic the excitatory/inhibitory dysbalance and hierarchical perturbations observed in first-episode patients than in those with more chronic illness.
“Indeed, ketamine infusion in healthy volunteers may better mimic the E/I dysbalance and hierarchical perturbations observed in first-episode patients than in those with more chronic illness (98).”
From The Predictive Coding Account of Psychosis (2018) · cites this paper as [98]
The Discussion section, “Prefrontal and whole-brain functional connectivity during early illness course” (page unavailable), says elevated connectivity in early-course schizophrenia is consistent with effects of NMDA-receptor antagonists used to model the disorder, and discusses possible excitation/inhibition mechanisms and hypoconnectivity in chronic illness. It does not assess hierarchical perturbations or directly establish that ketamine infusion in healthy volunteers better mimics first-episode patients than patients with chronic illness. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Anticevic A, Corlett PR, Cole MW, Savic A, Gancsos M, Tang Y, Repovs G, Murray JD, Driesen NR, Morgan PT, Ke X, Krystal JH (2014c) NMDA receptor antagonist effects on prefrontal cortical connectivity better model early than chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. In press.
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- Authors
- Anticevic, A., Hu, X., Xiao, Y., Hu, J., Li, F., Bi, F., Cole, M. W., Savic, A., Yang, G. J., Repovs, G., Murray, J. D., Wang, X.-J., Huang, X., Lui, S., Krystal, J. H., & Gong, Q.
- Affiliations
- Sichuan University (CN)
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University (CN)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Yale University (US)
- New York University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2015-01-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 267-286
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC4287147
- OpenAlex
- W1998233617
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 12
- FWCI
- 13.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale University
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health (DP5OD012109, UL1TR000142, MH096801)
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50AA012870)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062349, K99MH096801, MH096801, R00MH096801)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007205)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, Yale School of Medicine
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- prefrontal cortex, functional connectivity, hyperconnectivity, longitudinal symptom change, default mode network, glutamate, prognostic factors, resting-state fMRI
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Nerve Net, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Prefrontal Cortex, Early Diagnosis, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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