A Role for Non-Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Homeostasis in Perceptual Learning
Open accessAbstract
Slow-wave activity (SWA; EEG power density in the 0.75–4.5 Hz range) in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep is the primary marker of sleep homeostasis and thought to reflect sleep need. But it is unknown whether the generation of SWA itself serves a fundamental function. Previously, SWA has been implicated in brain plasticity and learning, yet the evidence for a causal role remains correlative. Here, we used acoustic slow-wave suppression to test whether overnight improvement in visual texture discrimination, a form of perceptual learning, directly depends on SWA during sleep. Two groups of subjects were trained on a texture discrimination task (TDT) after baseline sleep, and were tested 24 h later, after a 4 h experimental (EX) sleep episode (with or without SWA suppression), and again after a night of recovery sleep. In the suppression group, SWA during EX sleep was reduced by 30% compared with the control group, whereas total sleep time and REM sleep were not affected. Texture discrimination improved after EX sleep in the control group but not in the suppression group. Moreover, overnight improvement in TDT performance correlated with EEG power density during NREM sleep in the frequency range of SWA (maximum r= 0.75 at 0.75–1.0 Hz) over brain areas involved in TDT learning. We conclude that SWA is an important determinant of sleep-dependent gains in perceptual performance, a finding that directly implicates processes of sleep homeostasis in learning.
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This type of stimulation applied during early non-REM sleep specifically enhanced <1 Hz slow oscillations and additionally increased frontal slow spindle activity.
“This type of stimulation applied during early non-REM sleep specifically enhanced Ͻ1 Hz slow oscillations and additionally increased frontal slow spindle activity (10)(11)(12).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [10]
The Results section (“Effects of experimental slow-wave suppression on sleep stages and EEG spectra”; page unavailable) reports that sounds during NREM sleep reduced, rather than enhanced, EEG power at 0.75–3.0 Hz. It reports increased spindle-range power at 13.25–14.0 Hz over the right occipitoparietal cortex, not increased frontal slow-spindle activity. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredProcedural tasks like visuomotor adaptation and visual texture discrimination also benefit from SWS.
“The hypothesis has been challenged by findings showing that procedural tasks like visuomotor adaptation and visual texture discrimination also benefit from SWS (10,433,581,582).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [10]
Reducing SWA during sleep by the presentation of tones suppressed the sleep-dependent improvement in visuomotor adaptation skills and also in texture discrimination skills.
“Correspondingly, reducing SWA during sleep by the presentation of tones was revealed to suppress the sleep-dependent improvement in visuomotor adaptation skills (691, 692) and also in texture discrimination skills (10).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [10]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Aeschbach, D., Cutler, A. J., & Ronda, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2008-03-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2766-2772
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6670683
- OpenAlex
- W1967290403
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (M01 RR02635)
- Harvard University
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health (NCRR-GCRC-M01-RR02635, RR‐02635)
- National Center for Research Resources (GCRC-M01-RR02635, M01RR002635)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- slow-wave activity, sleep homeostasis, perceptual learning, texture discrimination, NREM sleep, sleep-dependent learning, visual learning, EEG spectral power, neuroplasticity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Electroencephalography, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Learning, Male, Photic Stimulation, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM, Visual Perception, Single-Blind Method
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