Cited by 80Adrenal and Paraganglionic TumorsChromatin Remodeling and CancerAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Genetics of tumors of the adrenal cortex

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Bonnet-Serrano, Fidéline, Bertherat, Jérôme·2018·Endocrine Related Cancer

Abstract

This review describes the molecular alterations observed in the various types of tumors of the adrenal cortex, excluding Conn adenomas, especially the alterations identified by genomic approaches these last five years. Two main forms of bilateral adrenocortical tumors can be distinguished according to size and aspect of the nodules: primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD), which can be sporadic or part of Carney complex and primary bilateral macro nodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH). The bilateral nature of the tumors suggests the existence of an underlying genetic predisposition. PPNAD and Carney complex are mainly due to germline-inactivating mutations of PRKAR1A , coding for a regulatory subunit of PKA, whereas PBMAH genetic seems more complex. However, genome-wide approaches allowed the identification of a new tumor suppressor gene, ARMC5 , whose germline alteration could be responsible for at least 25% of PBMAH cases. Unilateral adrenocortical tumors are more frequent, mostly adenomas. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway can be activated in both benign and malignant tumors by CTNNB1 mutations and by ZNRF3 inactivation in adrenal cancer (ACC). Some other signaling pathways are more specific of the tumor dignity. Thus, somatic mutations of cAMP/PKA pathway genes, mainly PRKACA , coding for the catalytic alpha-subunit of PKA, are found in cortisol-secreting adenomas, whereas IGF-II overexpression and alterations of p53 signaling pathway are observed in ACC. Genome-wide approaches including transcriptome, SNP, methylome and miRome analysis have identified new genetic and epigenetic alterations and the further clustering of ACC in subgroups associated with different prognosis, allowing the development of new prognosis markers.

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  • Mutations in beta-catenin (CTNNB1) leading to constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway are a frequent finding in benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors.

    “Mutations in β -catenin (CTNNB1) leading to constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a frequent finding in benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors (138).”

    From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [138]

  • Somatic activating mutations of PRKACA are implicated in up to 50% of patients with adenomas with clinical Cushing's syndrome, but not in adenomas producing less cortisol.

    “Somatic activating mutations of protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PRKACA) has been implicated in up to 50% of patients with adenomas with clinical Cushing’s syndrome, but not in adenomas producing less cortisol (138,142,147).”

    From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [138]

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Authors
Bonnet-Serrano, F., & Bertherat, J.
Affiliations
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Venue
Endocrine Related Cancer
Published
2018-03
Volume
25
Issue
3
Pages
R131-R152
ISSN
  • 1351-0088 (ISSN-L)
  • 1479-6821
OpenAlex
W2774388711
Cited by
80
References
140
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9
FWCI
2.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Endocrine Related Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-14-CE12-0007, ANR-15-CE12-0017)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords
adrenocortical tumors, adrenocortical carcinoma, Carney complex, PRKAR1A mutation, ARMC5, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, CTNNB1 mutation, ZNRF3, cAMP/PKA signaling, PRKACA, p53 pathway, epigenetic modifications, tumor subtypes, prognosis markers, germline mutations
MeSH terms
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms, Animals, Humans, Adrenocortical Carcinoma

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