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Cited by 662Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesAdolescent Sexual and Reproductive HealthHuman Health and Disease

Examination of US puberty-timing data from 1940 to 1994 for secular trends: panel findings

Euling, Susan Y., Herman-Giddens, Marcia E., Lee, Peter A., Selevan, Sherry G., Juul, Anders, SØrensen, Thorkild I. A., Dunkel, Leo, Himes, John H. +2 more·2008·PEDIATRICS
DOI 10.1542/peds.2007-1813d
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Abstract

Whether children, especially girls, are entering and progressing through puberty earlier today than in the mid-1900s has been debated. Secular trend analysis, based on available data, is limited by data comparability among studies in different populations, in different periods of time, and using different methods. As a result, conclusions from data comparisons have not been consistent. An expert panel was asked to evaluate the weight of evidence for whether the data, collected from 1940 to 1994, are sufficient to suggest or establish a secular trend in the timing of puberty markers in US boys or girls. A majority of the panelists agreed that data are sufficient to suggest a trend toward an earlier breast development onset and menarche in girls but not for other female pubertal markers. A minority of panelists concluded that the current data on girls' puberty timing for any marker are insufficient. Almost all panelists concluded, on the basis of few studies and reliability issues of some male puberty markers, that current data for boys are insufficient to evaluate secular trends in male pubertal development. The panel agreed that altered puberty timing should be considered an adverse effect, although the magnitude of change considered adverse was not assessed. The panel recommended (1) additional analyses of existing puberty-timing data to examine secular trends and trends in the temporal sequence of pubertal events; (2) the development of biomarkers for pubertal timing and methods to discriminate fat versus breast tissue, and (3) establishment of cohorts to examine pubertal markers longitudinally within the same individuals.

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  • Pubertal hormones trigger changes in neural structure and function, especially in dopamine-rich limbic regions associated with reward processing.

    “Around age 12 (for boys) or 11 (for girls), pubertal hormones inundate the brain, triggering a series of changes in neural structure and function (Euling et al., 2008, Schulz et al., 2009), especially in dopamine-rich limbic regions associated with reward processing (Blakemore et al., 2010, Sinclair et al., 2014).”

    From The dual systems model: Review, reappraisal, and reaffirmation (2016) · cites this paper as Euling et al., 2008

  • It has been proposed that there was a trend towards an earlier onset of breast development and menarche in girls from 1940 to 1994.

    “Although still controversial because of the limited comparability of the data from studies in different populations and the use of different methods, it has also been proposed that there was a trend towards an earlier onset of breast development and menarche in girls from 1940 to 1994.21”

    From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [21]

  • The amount of body fat and exposure to endocrine disruptors, particularly oestrogenic compounds and antiandrogens, have been suggested as important factors associated with the trend in pubertal timing.

    “The amount of body fat and exposure to endocrine disruptors, particularly oestrogenic compounds and antiandrogens, have been suggested as important factors associated with this trend in pubertal timing.21”

    From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [21]

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Authors
Euling, S. Y., Herman-Giddens, M. E., Lee, P. A., Selevan, S. G., Juul, A., SØrensen, T. I. A., Dunkel, L., Himes, J. H., Teilmann, G., & Swan, S. H.
Affiliations
  • Environmental Protection Agency (US)
  • Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
  • Rigshospitalet (DK)
  • Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • University of Missouri (US)
ORCID
Venue
PEDIATRICS
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2008-02-01
Volume
121
Issue
Supplement_3
Pages
S172-S191
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2007-1813d
OpenAlex
W2159856210
Cited by
662
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 36
FWCI
49.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Human Health and Disease
Keywords
secular trends, puberty timing, menarche, adolescent girls, adolescent boys, expert panel review, data comparability, longitudinal cohort
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Menarche, Puberty, Puberty, Precocious, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Sexual Maturation, United States

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