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Cited by 224School Choice and PerformanceChild and Adolescent HealthSchool Health and Nursing Education

Disparities in Academic Achievement and Health: The Intersection of Child Education and Health Policy

Fiscella, Kevin, Kitzman, Harriet·2009·Pediatrics
DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-0533
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Abstract

Recent data suggest that that the United States is failing to make significant progress toward the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating health disparities. One missing element from the US strategy for achieving this goal is a focus on gaps in child development and achievement. Academic achievement and education seem to be critical determinants of health across the life span and disparities in one contribute to disparities in the other. Despite these linkages, national policy treats child education and health as separate. Landmark education legislation, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, is due for Congressional reauthorization. It seeks to eliminate gaps in academic child achievement by 2014. It does so by introducing accountability for states, school districts, and schools. In this special article, we review health disparities and contributors to child achievement gaps. We review changes in achievement gaps over time and potential contributors to the limited success of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, including its unfunded mandates and unfounded assumptions. We conclude with key reforms, which include addressing gaps in child school readiness through adequate investment in child health and early education and reductions in child poverty; closing the gap in child achievement by ensuring equity in school accountability standards; and, importantly, ensuring equity in school funding so that resources are allocated on the basis of the needs of the students. This will ensure that schools, particularly those serving large numbers of poor and minority children, have the resources necessary to promote optimal learning.

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Crossref · 10.1542/peds.2008-0533

Cites

109 of 109 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Low academic achievement is strongly associated with risk-taking behavior, compromised health status, and reduced longevity.

    “Conversely, low academic achievement is strongly associated with risk-taking behavior, compromised health status, and reduced longevity.22–33”

    From School-Based Health Centers to Advance Health Equity (2016) · cites this paper as [28]

  • Adult health and lifetime productivity are both influenced by educational attainment.

    “Adult health and lifetime productivity are both influenced by educational attainment.37, 38”

    From Health and School Outcomes During Children's Transition Into Adolescence (2013) · cites this paper as [38]

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Authors
Fiscella, K., & Kitzman, H.
Affiliations
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
  • University of Rochester (US)
ORCID
Venue
Pediatrics
Publisher
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published
2009-03-01
Volume
123
Issue
3
Pages
1073-1080
ISSN
  • 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-4275
DOI
10.1542/peds.2008-0533
OpenAlex
W2000858850
Cited by
224
References
110
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 17
FWCI
12.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Child and Adolescent Health
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
Keywords
health disparities, achievement gap, children's education, No Child Left Behind Act, school accountability, school funding equity, school readiness, early childhood education, child poverty, Healthy People 2010, minority children
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Educational Status, Ethnicity, Female, Forecasting, Health Policy, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Infant, Male, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Early Intervention, Educational, Healthy People Programs, Healthcare Disparities, Young Adult

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