Borderline personality disorder in adolescence
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and severe mental disorder that is associated with severe functional impairment and a high suicide rate. BPD is usually associated with other psychiatric and personality disorders, high burden on families and carers, continuing resource utilization, and high treatment costs. BPD has been a controversial diagnosis in adolescents, but this is no longer justified. Recent evidence demonstrates that BPD is as reliable and valid among adolescents as it is in adults and that adolescents with BPD can benefit from early intervention. Consequently, adolescent BPD is now recognized in psychiatric classification systems and in national treatment guidelines. This review aims to inform practitioners in the field of adolescent health about the nature of BPD in adolescence and the benefits of early detection and intervention. BPD diagnosis and treatment should be considered part of routine practice in adolescent mental health to improve these individuals' well-being and long-term prognosis.
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Adolescents who receive timely and appropriate treatment for BPD exhibit better psychological functioning and reduced symptom severity over time.
“Research indicates that adolescents who receive timely and appropriate treatment for BPD exhibit better psychological functioning and reduced symptom severity over time (41–43).”
From Age-related differences in borderline personality disorder traits and childhood maltreatment: a cross-sectional study (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
Several review papers support the reliability and validity of the diagnosis of PD in adolescents.
“Several review papers have been published [e.g., (3–6)] supporting the reliability and validity of the diagnosis of PD in adolescents.”
From The diagnosis that should speak its name: why it is ethically right to diagnose and treat personality disorder during adolescence (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
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Self-citationInitial Orienting to Emotional Faces in Female Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder
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Self-citationBeing bullied in childhood: correlations with borderline personality in adulthood
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A Study of Maladaptive Schemas and Borderline Personality Disorder in Young People
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Self-citationThe Validity of the MSI-BPD Among Inpatient Adolescents
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Clinical differentiation of bipolar II disorder from borderline personality disorder
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The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality for Youth (SNAP-Y)
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Association between 5-HTTLPR and Borderline Personality Disorder Traits among Youth
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Borderline Personality Disorder and Mental Healthcare Service Use Among Adolescents
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Temperamental Patterns in Female Adolescents With Borderline Personality Disorder
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Self-citationIs borderline personality disorder a mood disorder?
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Treatment of borderline personality disorder in youth.
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Social Perspective Coordination in Youth with Borderline Personality Pathology
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Personality Disorders and Mood Disorders: Phenomenological Resemblances vs. Pathogenetic Pathways
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Self-citationComorbid Axis I and Axis II Disorders in Early Adolescence
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Borderline personality disorder
Gunderson, J. G., Herpertz, S. C., Skodol, A. E., Torgersen, S. O., & Zanarini, M. C. (2018) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2018.29 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Community and Clinical Epidemiology of Borderline Personality Disorder
Ellison, W. D., Rosenstein, L. K., Morgan, T. A., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2018) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.008 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
“These efforts parallel several recent findings that the BPD diagnosis can indeed be made in adolescents with adequate reliability, stability, and validity.(29-30) A systematic review(31) found that rates of BPD in adolescent samples varied substantially depending on study design and sample characteristics but overall…”
ResultSharp, C., & Fonagy, P. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12449 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Eyden, J., Winsper, C., Dieter Wolke, C., Broome, M. R., & MacCallum, F. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.002 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Goodman, M. S., Álvarez, I., Temes, C. M., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Aguirre, B. A., & Zanarini, M. C. (2017) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1375 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment strategies
Guilé, J. M., Boissel, L., Alaux‐Cantin, S., & Rivière, S. G. D. L. (2018) · Adolescent Health Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/ahmt.s156565 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
“than a disorder.(54) This school of thought prompted the introduction of an alternative DSM-V model for personality disorders,(6) as a complement to the current categorical approach.”
InfluentialWinsper, C., Lereya, S. T., Marwaha, S., Thompson, A. D., Eyden, J., & Singh, S. P. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.12.001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Borderline Personality Disorder in Young People: Are We There Yet?
Chanen, A. M. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22205 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationFonagy, P., Speranza, M., Luyten, P., Kaess, M., Hessels, C. J., & Bohus, M. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0751-z · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationResting state vagal tone in borderline personality disorder: A meta-analysis
Koenig, J., Kemp, A. H., Feeling, N. R., Thayer, J. F., & Kaess, M. (2016) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.07.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“However, BPD usually emerges during adolescence and continues into adulthood (Kaess et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Lifetime Course of Borderline Personality Disorder
Biskin, R. S. (2015) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371506000702 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Groschwitz, R. C., Plener, P. L., Groen, G., Bonenberger, M., & Abler, B. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.08.001 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
The situation of former adolescent self-injurers as young adults: a follow-up study
Groschwitz, R. C., Plener, P. L., Kaess, M., Schumacher, T. S., Stoehr, R., & Boege, I. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0555-1 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“The results may confirm the previously highlighted importance of developmental trajectories of NSSI and other self-harm behaviors as potential early markers of risk that may be used for early detection and intervention of BPD [15].”
ResultSelf-citationInfurna, M. R., Brunner, R. M., Holz, B., Parzer, P., Giannone, F., Reichl, C., Fischer, G., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2015) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2015_29_186 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationSantangelo, P., Koenig, J., Funke, V., Parzer, P., Resch, F., Ebner‐Priemer, U., & Kaess, M. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0249-2 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“In turn, adolescent BPD is frequently characterized by an over representation of acute symptoms (Kaess et al. 2014), in particular risk-taking and self-harming behavior, that present important developmental trajectories to BPD (Nakar et al. 2016).”
Self-citationNakar, O., Brunner, R. M., Schilling, O. K., Chanen, A. M., Fischer, G., Parzer, P., Carli, V., Wasserman, D., Sarchiapone, M., Wasserman, C., et al. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.029 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly Detection and Outcome in Borderline Personality Disorder
Bozzatello, P., Bellino, S., Bosia, M., & Rocca, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00710 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Dysfunctional relationships with peer may contribute to or promote the onset of BPD (2, 49).”
BackgroundInfluentialBorderline Personality Disorder: Risk Factors and Early Detection
Bozzatello, P., Garbarini, C., Rocca, P., & Bellino, S. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11112142 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“Moreover, other clinical entities, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), separation anxiety disorder and social phobia, can also frequently be present [7,18,19,30] According to Wolke and colleagues, indeed, any Axis I diagnosis may predict very early BPD onset (at age 12) [89].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialJørgensen, M. S., Storebø, O. J., Stoffers-Winterling, J. M., Faltinsen, E., Todorovac, A., & Simonsen, E. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245331 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Somma, A., Ferrara, M., Terrinoni, A., Frau, C., Ardizzone, I., Sharp, C., & Fossati, A. (2019) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-019-0104-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The sleep phenotype of Borderline Personality Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Winsper, C., Tang, N. K. Y., Marwaha, S., Lereya, S. T., Gibbs, M., Thompson, A. D., & Singh, S. P. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.008 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sleep problems in childhood and borderline personality disorder symptoms in early adolescence
Lereya, S. T., Winsper, C., Tang, N. K. Y., & Wolke, D. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0158-4 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Kaess, M., Fischer-Waldschmidt, G., Resch, F., & Koenig, J. (2017) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-017-0058-4 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationKaess, M., Ghinea, D., Fischer-Waldschmidt, G., & Resch, F. (2017) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2017.66.6.404 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychometric properties of the French borderline symptom list, short form (BSL-23)
Nicastro, R., Prada, P., Küng, A., Salamin, V., Dayer, A. G., Aubry, J., Guenot, F., & Perroud, N. A. (2016) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-016-0038-0 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
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Ghinea, D., Koenig, J., Parzer, P., Brunner, R. M., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., Sarchiapone, M., Wasserman, D., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.010 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationKaess, M., Eppelmann, L., Brunner, R. M., Parzer, P., Resch, F., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Hoven, C. W., Apter, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.018 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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“In fact, early precursors, prodromal signs, and processes that confer vulnerability to later personality pathology appear in youth [6,7,8].”
BackgroundMirkovic, B., Delvenne, V., Robin, M., Pham‐Scottez, A., Corcos, M., & Speranza, M. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03377-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“In addition, emotional dysregulation seems to be involved in several risk factors associated with SB such as self-injury [27, 28], impulsivity [29], substance abuse [6], depressive disorders [30] or interpersonal difficulties [31].”
BackgroundBuerger, A., Fischer-Waldschmidt, G., Hammerle, F., Auer, K. V., Parzer, P., & Kaess, M. (2019) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2018_32_334 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationHelp-seeking duration in adolescents with suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury
Lustig, S., Koenig, J., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.037 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
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Analysis of relative telomere length and apoptosis in humans exposed to ionising radiation.
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Early intervention for personality disorder
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Self-citationQuek, J., Newman, L. K., Bennett, C., Gordon, M. S., Saeedi, N., & Melvin, G. A. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.08.008 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Self-citationExecutive functioning in people with personality disorders
García-Villamisar, D. A., Dattilo, J., & Garcia-Martinez, M. (2016) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000299 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Prominent features include a broad range of risktaking and self-destructive behaviors such as substance abuse, sexual risk-taking, nonsuicidal selfinjury, and suicide attempts [14].”
BackgroundSharp, C., Vanwoerden, S., Jouriles, E. N., Godfrey, D. A., Babcock, J., McLaren, V., McFarlane, J., Brashear, B., Walton, Q., & Temple, J. R. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104448 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Krauch, M., Ueltzhöffer, K. J., Brunner, R. M., Kaess, M., Hensel, S., Herpertz, S. C., & Bertsch, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00057 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Although empirical research has confirmed the reliability and validity of BPD among adolescents (Kaess et al., 2014; Winsper et al., 2016), until now only few studies on emotion dysregulation have focused on BPD in childhood and adolescence.”
BackgroundSelf-citationEuler, S., Stalujanis, E., Lindenmeyer, H. J., Nicastro, R., Kramer, U., Perroud, N. A., & Weibel, S. (2019) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2019_33_461 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Identifying a borderline personality disorder prodrome: Implications for community screening
Stepp, S. D., & Lazarus, S. A. (2017) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1389 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
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Self-citationDölitzsch, C., Kölch, M. G., Fegert, J. M., Schmeck, K., & Schmid, M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.010 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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Self-citationKoenig, J., Höper, S., van der Venne, P., Mürner-Lavanchy, I. M., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102704 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“In most cases, emerging BPD during adolescence is strongly associated with NSSI (Kaess et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInfurna, M. R., Fuchs, A., Fischer-Waldschmidt, G., Reichl, C., Holz, B., Resch, F., Brunner, R. M., & Kaess, M. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.013 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“BPD has also recently been confirmed as a valid and reliable diagnosis in patients during adolescence (Fonagy et al., 2015; Kaess et al., 2014; Miller et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSchema Therapy in Adolescents with Disruptive Behavior Disorders
van Wijk‐Herbrink, M. F., Broers, N. J., Roelofs, J., & Bernstein, D. P. (2017) · International Journal of Forensic Mental Health · doi:10.1080/14999013.2017.1352053 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Rashed, A. M., Abdel‐Wahab, N., Moussa, E. M. M., & Hammam, N. (2018) · Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia · doi:10.1186/s42358-018-0012-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hessels, C. J., Laceulle, O. M., van Aken, M. A. G., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2018) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-018-0097-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychopathological outcomes of adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms
Winsper, C., Dieter Wolke, C., Scott, J. L., Sharp, C., Thompson, A. D., & Marwaha, S. (2019) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867419882494 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation in Severe Mental Illness
Sharma, A., & McClellan, J. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.010 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Johnstone, O. K., Marshall, J. J., & McIntosh, L. G. (2021) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-020-00147-w · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Koenig, J., Lischke, A., Bardtke, K. F., Heinze, A.-L., Kröller, F., Pahnke, R., & Kaess, M. (2022) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01496-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationRockstroh, F., Edinger, A., Josi, J., Fischer-Waldschmidt, G., Brunner, R. M., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2023) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000531092 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“This fi nding is particularly encouraging because BPD used to be considered a persisting and hardly changeable diagnosis [11], and over a time frame of 2 to 4 years and through rather low-threshold interventions, the symptom severity of BPD was signi fi cantly reduced in this sample.”
Self-citationTedesco, V., Day, N. J. S., Lucas, S., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2023) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1599 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Korsgaard, H. O., Torgersen, S. O., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., & Ulberg, R. (2016) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-016-0096-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The clinical trajectory of patients with borderline personality disorder
Kjær, J. N., Biskin, R. S., Vestergaard, C. H., Gustafsson, L. N., & Munk‐Jørgensen, P. (2016) · Personality and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/pmh.1337 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Marchetti, D., Musso, P., Verrocchio, M. C., Manna, G., Kopala-Sibley, D. C., De Berardis, D., De Santis, S., & Falgares, G. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420002151 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Given BPD is increasingly seen as a life-span developmental disorder represented on a dimensional continuum of severity (Kaess et al., 2014) with stable features in adolescence and adult-hood (Chanen, Jovev, McCutcheon, Jackson, & McGorry, 2008), understanding how personality profiles may intervene…”
Tanzilli, A., Gualco, I., Baiocco, R., & Lingiardi, V. (2019) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2019.1674318 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Proctor, J., Lawn, S., & McMahon, J. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12714 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“However, recent research has shown that disclosing the diagnosis to the individual assists them in understand - ing their experiences and in receiving effective treatment (Courtney & Makinen, 2016; Kaess et al., 2014).”
BackgroundHeterogeneity of borderline personality disorder symptoms in help-seeking adolescents
Cavelti, M., Lerch, S., Ghinea, D., Fischer-Waldschmidt, G., Resch, F., Koenig, J., & Kaess, M. (2021) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-021-00147-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationJørgensen, M. S., Bo, S., Vestergaard, M., Storebø, O. J., Sharp, C., & Simonsen, E. H. (2021) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2020.1871525 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Compared to adults, adolescents with BPD often present with acute symptoms of BPD, such as impulsivity (Kaess et al., 2014).”
BackgroundZimmermann, R., Steppan, M., Zimmermann, J., Oeltjen, L., Birkhölzer, M., Schmeck, K., & Goth, K. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269327 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Rivnyák, A., Pohárnok, M., Péley, B., & Láng, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.683288 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Personality disorders and Axis I comorbidity in adolescent outpatients with ADHD
Korsgaard, H. O., Torgersen, S. O., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., & Ulberg, R. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0871-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Fuchs, M., & Karwautz, A. (2017) · neuropsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s40211-017-0238-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Al-Salom, P., & Boylan, K. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Rüfenacht, E., Pham, E., Nicastro, R., Dieben, K., Hasler, R., Weibel, S., & Perroud, N. A. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9101469 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Marqués-Feixa, L., Moya, J., Romero, S., Santamarina-Pérez, P., Rapado‐Castro, M., Zorrilla, E. P., Martín, M., Anglada, E., Lobato, M. J., Ramírez, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10225293 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Additionally, we cannot discount the influence of genetically transmitted temperamental factors that may also influence BPD features and increase vulnerability to stress [85].”
BackgroundA Psychometric Evaluation of a Reduced Version of the PID-5 in Clinical and Non-Clinical Adolescents
Koster, N., Laceulle, O. M., van der Heijden, P. T., Klimstra, T. A., Clercq, B. J. D., Verbeke, L., Caluwé, E. D., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2019) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000552 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Schenk, N., Zimmermann, R., Fürer, L., Krause, M., Weise, S., Kaess, M., Schlüter-Müller, S., & Schmeck, K. (2019) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2019.348 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationTrauma and psychopathology associated with early onset BPD: an empirical contribution
Bozzatello, P., Rocca, P., & Bellino, S. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.038 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kaess, M., Whittle, S., Simmons, J., Jovev, M., Allen, N., & Chanen, A. (2017) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000456549 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationChildhood trauma and borderline personality disorder traits: A discordant twin study.
Skaug, E., Czajkowski, N. O., Waaktaar, T., & Torgersen, S. O. (2022) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000755 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Risk-taking and self-harm behaviors as markers of adolescent borderline personality disorder
Blaha, Y., Cavelti, M., Lerch, S., Steinhoff, A., Koenig, J., & Kaess, M. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02353-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Increasing evidence indicates that early treatment of BPD can positively impact life trajectories of the affected young people by preventing psychosocial impairment [5, 7, 11].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPersonality Pathology in Youth
Sharp, C., & Clercq, B. J. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108333931.015 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen
Kaess, M., Herpertz, S. C., Plener, P. L., & Schmahl, C. G. (2019) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000700 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationvon Auer, A. K., Kleindienst, N., Ludewig, S., Soyka, O., Bohus, M., & Ludäscher, P. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000371 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Zimmermann, R., Fürer, L., Kleinbub, J. R., Ramseyer, F., Hütten, R., Steppan, M., & Schmeck, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660516 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kaess, M., Brunner, R. M., Parzer, P., Edanackaparampil, M., Schmidt, J. S., Kirisgil, M., Fischer, G., Wewetzer, C., Lehmkuhl, G., & Resch, F. (2016) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000448481 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationZimmermann, R., Krause, M., Weise, S., Schenk, N., Fürer, L., Schrobildgen, C., Schlüter-Müller, S., Valdés, N., Koenig, J., Kaess, M., et al. (2018) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2018.10.007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“BPD is associated with clinically significant impairments in social, occupational, and other areas of functioning [5,7,8].”
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Cangin, C., Harris, R. E., Binkley, P. F., Schwartzbaum, J., & Focht, B. C. (2018) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.03.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Die stationäre psychiatrische Versorgung Adoleszenter in Deutschland
Plener, P. L., Groschwitz, R. C., Franke, C., Fegert, J. M., & Freyberger, H. J. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000238 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Borderline Personality Disorder: Updates in a Postpandemic World
Choi-Kain, L. W., Şahin, Z., & Traynor, J. M. (2022) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20220057 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Eggermont, K., Raymaekers, K., Claes, L., Buelens, T., Bogaerts, A., & Luyckx, K. (2023) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104380 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Franssens, R., Abrahams, L., BRENNING, K. M., Leeuwen, K. G. V., & Clercq, B. J. D. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00825-w · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kandsperger, S., Jarvers, I., Ecker, A., Schleicher, D., Madurkay, J., Otto, A., & Brunner, R. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634346 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“This subsection contains 9 questions according to the DSMIV diagnostic criteria, and fulfilled criteria on at least 5 items confirm the diagnosis of BPD.”
BackgroundSelf-citationCamp, J., Morris, A., Wilde, H. M., Smith, P. A., & Rimes, K. A. (2023) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x23000326 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“A diagnosis of BPD in adolescent populations is to be provided with due consideration, as many of the symptoms of BPD are normative for adolescence and there are concerns about protecting young people against associated stigma (Kaess et al ., 2014; Swales, 2022).”
Background
- Authors
- Kaess, M., Brunner, R., & Chanen, A.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2014-10-01
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 782-793
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2055540900
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, adolescents, diagnosis, early intervention, early detection, psychiatric classification, treatment guidelines, suicide risk, psychiatric comorbidity, family burden, prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Borderline Personality Disorder, Humans, Risk-Taking, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Early Medical Intervention
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