Visual Following and Pattern Discrimination of Face-like Stimuli by Newborn Infants
Abstract
Forty newborn infants, median age 9 minutes, turned their eyes and heads to follow a series of moving stimuli. Responsiveness was significantly greater to a proper face pattern than to either of two scrambled versions of the same stimulus or to a blank. The demonstration of such consistent response differences suggests that visual discriminations are being made at this early age. These results imply that organized visual perception ion is an unlearned capacity of the human organism. The preference for the proper face stimulus by infants who had not seen a real face prior to testing suggests that an unlearned or "evolved" responsiveness to faces may be present in human neonates.
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Human infants show sensitivity to faces even before being exposed to them.
“Human infants show sensitivity to faces even before being exposed to them (58, 59)”
From Deepfake detection by human crowds, machines, and machine-informed crowds (2022) · cites this paper as [58]
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Remington, A. (2010) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Face perception and processing in early infancy: inborn predispositions and developmental changes
Simion, F., & Giorgio, E. D. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00969 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“In effect, 2 day-old newborns, despite their lack of experience, orient preferentially toward face or face-like configurations rather than to other, equally complex, non-face stimuli (Goren et al., 1975; Morton and Johnson, 1991; Valenza et al., 1996; Macchi Cassia et al., 2004).”
BackgroundHow Biology Became Social, and What it Means for Social Theory
Meloni, M. (2014) · The Sociological Review · doi:10.1111/1467-954x.12151 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“This radical step should not be confused with the superficial interactionist rhetoric that pays lip service to the role of the environment by trivially restricting it to ‘activating alternative outcomes prefigured in a “disjunctive genetic program” ’ (Griffiths, 1997: 127).”
BackgroundMechanisms of Eye Gaze Perception during Infancy
Farroni, T., Johnson, M. H., & Csibra, G. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929042304787 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
How does gaze to faces support face-to-face interaction? A review and perspective
Hessels, R. S. (2020) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-020-01715-w · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“scrambled faces (Goren et al., 1975; Johnson et al., 1991), and preferentially make the first saccade to faces in complex displays (Gliga et al.”
BackgroundFaces call for attention: evidence from patients with visual extinction
Vuilleumier, P. O. (2000) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00107-4 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“Further, the ability to detect and orient to faces appear very early in human babies, suggesting that it may rely in part on prewired neural mechanisms [7,21] (but see [10]).”
BackgroundFreeth, M., Chapman, P., Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0893-2 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“Prioritising attention towards people, especially their faces, is an innate social mechanism (Johnson et al. 1991; Goren et al. 1975 ).”
BackgroundGaze detection and the cortical processing of faces: Evidence from infants and adults
Vecera, S. P., & Johnson, M. H. (1995) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506289508401722 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
- Authors
- Goren, C. C., Sarty, M., & Wu, P. Y. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 1975-10-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 544-549
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2132752688
- Cited by
- 1,158
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- neonates, face preference, pattern discrimination, face recognition (cognition), visual perception
- MeSH terms
- Face, Female, Form Perception, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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