Waning 2-Dose and 3-Dose Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department and Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance — VISION Network, 10 States, August 2021–January 2022
Open accessAbstract
Persons categorized as having received 3 doses included those who received a third dose in a primary series or a booster dose after a 2 dose primary series (including the reduced-dosage Moderna booster). The VISION Network analyzed 241,204 ED/UC encounters** and 93,408 hospitalizations across 10 states during August 26, 2021-January 22, 2022. VE after receipt of both 2 and 3 doses was lower during the Omicron-predominant than during the Delta-predominant period at all time points evaluated. During both periods, VE after receipt of a third dose was higher than that after a second dose; however, VE waned with increasing time since vaccination. During the Omicron period, VE against ED/UC visits was 87% during the first 2 months after a third dose and decreased to 66% among those vaccinated 4-5 months earlier; VE against hospitalizations was 91% during the first 2 months following a third dose and decreased to 78% ≥4 months after a third dose. For both Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods, VE was generally higher for protection against hospitalizations than against ED/UC visits. All eligible persons should remain up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccinations to best protect against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and ED/UC visits.
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Data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention VISION network demonstrated waning protection of 3-dose vaccination against hospitalization in the US.
“Data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention VISION network (Virtual Network to Investigate Risk of COVID-19–Associated Outcomes and COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Using Integrated Medical and Public Health Records) also demonstrated waning protection of 3 dose vaccination against hospitalization in the US.7”
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- Authors
- Ferdinands, J. M., Rao, S., Dixon, B. E., Mitchell, P. K., DeSilva, M. B., Irving, S. A., Lewis, N., Natarajan, K., Stenehjem, E., Grannis, S. J., Han, J., McEvoy, C., Ong, T. C., Naleway, A. L., Reese, S. E., Embi, P. J., Dascomb, K., Klein, N. P., Griggs, E. P., Konatham, D., Kharbanda, A. B., Yang, D.-H., Fadel, W. F., Grisel, N., Goddard, K., Patel, P., Liao, I.-C., Birch, R., Valvi, N. R., Reynolds, S., Arndorfer, J., Zerbo, O., Dickerson, M., Murthy, K., Williams, J., Bozio, C. H., Blanton, L., Verani, J. R., Schrag, S. J., Dalton, A. F., Wondimu, M. H., Link-Gelles, R., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Barron, M. A., Gaglani, M., Thompson, M. G., & Fireman, B.
- Affiliations
- Regenstrief Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ferdinands, Jill M.
- ORCID
- Ferdinands, Jill M.
- Rao, Suchitra
- Dixon, Brian E.
- Mitchell, Patrick K.
- DeSilva, Malini B.
- Irving, Stephanie A.
- Lewis, Ned
- Natarajan, Karthik
- Stenehjem, Edward
- Grannis, Shaun J.
- McEvoy, Charlene
- Ong, Toan C.
- Naleway, Allison L.
- Reese, Sarah E.
- Dascomb, Kristin
- Klein, Nicola P.
- Griggs, Eric P.
- Kharbanda, Anupam B.
- Yang, Duck-Hye
- Fadel, William F.
- Goddard, Kristin
- Patel, Palak
- Liao, I-Chia
- Valvi, Nimish R.
- Reynolds, Sue
- Zerbo, Ousseny
- Dickerson, Monica
- Murthy, Kempapura
- Bozio, Catherine H.
- Blanton, Lenee
- Verani, Jennifer R.
- Schrag, Stephanie J.
- Dalton, Alexandra F.
- Wondimu, Mehiret H.
- Barron, Michelle A.
- Gaglani, Manjusha
- Thompson, Mark G.
- Fireman, Bruce
- Venue
- MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- Published
- 2022-02-18
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 255-263
- ISSN
- 0149-2195 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-861X
- PMC
- PMC8853475
- OpenAlex
- W4211242522
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 194
- FWCI
- 51.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccines, vaccine effectiveness, waning immunity, booster vaccination, Omicron variant, Delta variant, emergency department visits, urgent care visits, hospitalization, adults
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, mRNA Vaccines, Vaccine Efficacy, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ambulatory Care, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, United States, Case-Control Studies, Young Adult
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