Defining high-fat-diet rat models: Metabolic and molecular effects of different fat types
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High-fat (HF)-diet rodent models have contributed significantly to the analysis of the pathophysiology of the insulin resistance syndrome, but their phenotype varies distinctly between different studies. Here, we have systematically compared the metabolic and molecular effects of different HF with varying fatty acid compositions. Male Wistar rats were fed HF diets (42% energy; fat sources: HF-L - lard; HF-O - olive oil; HF-C - coconut fat; HF-F - fish oil). Weight, food intake, whole-body insulin tolerance and plasma parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism were measured during a 12-week diet course. Liver histologies and hepatic gene expression profiles, using Affymetrix GeneChips, were obtained. HF-L and HF-O fed rats showed the most pronounced obesity and insulin resistance; insulin sensitivity in HF-C and HF-F was close to normal. Plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3-PUFA) and saturated fatty acid (C(12)-C(14), SFA) levels were elevated in HF-F and HF-C animals respectively. The liver histologies showed hepatic steatosis in HF-L, HF-O and HF-C without major inflammation. Hepatic SREBP1c-dependent genes were upregulated in these diets, whereas PPARalpha-dependent genes were predominantly upregulated in HF-F fed rats. We detected classical HF effects only in diets based on lard and olive oil (mainly long-chain, saturated (LC-SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)). PUFA- or MC-SFA-rich diets did not induce insulin resistance. Diets based on LC-SFA and MUFA induced hepatic steatosis with SREBP1c activation. This points to an intact transcriptional hepatic insulin effect despite resistance to insulin's metabolic actions.
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Long-term intake of HFD is associated with metabolic syndrome in humans and rodents.
“Long-term intake of HFD is associated with metabolic syndrome in humans and rodents [19].”
From Regulatory Efficacy of the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Microalgae Spirulina platensis on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet Rats (2018) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Buettner, R., Parhofer, K. G., Woenckhaus, M., Wrede, C. E., Kunz-Schughart, L. A., Schölmerich, J., & Bollheimer, L. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Regensburg (DE)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Department of Internal Medicine II–Großhadern, University of Munich, 81377 München, Germany 1
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
- Corresponding author
- Buettner, R
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Bioscientifica
- Published
- 2006-02-27
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 485-501
- ISSN
- 0952-5041 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-6813
- OpenAlex
- W2158594746
- Cited by
- 704
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 8.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)
- Funders
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- high-fat diet, insulin resistance, fatty acid composition, lard, olive oil, coconut oil, fish oil, hepatic steatosis, SREBP-1c, PPARα, hepatic gene expression, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, long-chain saturated fatty acids, obesity, insulin tolerance, liver histopathology, Wistar rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Dietary Fats, Eating, Fatty Acids, Gene Expression Regulation, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Male, Obesity, Triglycerides, Rats, Wistar, Gene Expression Profiling, Rats
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