Cited by 559Cannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchPhytochemistry Medicinal Plant ApplicationsForensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis

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Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa Constituent

Machado Bergamaschi, Mateus, Helena Costa Queiroz, Regina, Waldo Zuardi, Antonio, Alexandre S. Crippa, Jose·2011·Current Drug Safety

DOI 10.2174/157488611798280924

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Abstract

Cannabidiol (CBD), a major nonpsychotropic constituent of Cannabis, has multiple pharmacological actions, including anxiolytic, antipsychotic, antiemetic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about its safety and side effect profile in animals and humans. This review describes in vivo and in vitro reports of CBD administration across a wide range of concentrations, based on reports retrieved from Web of Science, Scielo and Medline. The keywords searched were "cannabinoids", "cannabidiol" and "side effects". Several studies suggest that CBD is non-toxic in non-transformed cells and does not induce changes on food intake, does not induce catalepsy, does not affect physiological parameters (heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature), does not affect gastrointestinal transit and does not alter psychomotor or psychological functions. Also, chronic use and high doses up to 1,500 mg/day of CBD are reportedly well tolerated in humans. Conversely, some studies reported that this cannabinoid can induce some side effects, including inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism, alterations of in vitro cell viability, decreased fertilization capacity, and decreased activities of p-glycoprotein and other drug transporters. Based on recent advances in cannabinoid administration in humans, controlled CBD may be safe in humans and animals. However, further studies are needed to clarify these reported in vitro and in vivo side effects.

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Authors: Machado Bergamaschi, M., Helena Costa Queiroz, R., Waldo Zuardi, A., & Alexandre S. Crippa, J.
Venue: Current Drug Safety
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Published: 2011-09-01
Volume: 6
Issue: 4
Pages: 237-249
ISSN: 1574-8863 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2174/157488611798280924
OpenAlex: W2128076336
Cited by: 558
References: 122
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 7.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Current Drug Safety (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Keywords: cannabidiol, Cannabis sativa, drug safety, adverse effects, toxicity, hepatotoxicity, drug metabolism inhibition, P-glycoprotein, fertility, cell viability, tolerability
MeSH terms: Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antiemetics, Cannabidiol, Cannabis, Cell Survival, Eating, Humans, Antipsychotic Agents, Anti-Anxiety Agents

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Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa Constituent

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